Nursing Elites

1. In which units is the speed of light in a vacuum measured?

• A. Meters per second
• B. Hertz
• C. Candela
• D. Newton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The speed of light in a vacuum is commonly measured in units of meters per second. This is because the speed of light is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum, as defined by the International System of Units (SI). The speed of light is a measure of distance covered by light in a given time, hence it is expressed in meters per second. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Hertz is a unit of frequency, Candela is a unit of luminous intensity, and Newton is a unit of force. None of these units are relevant for measuring the speed of light, making 'Meters per second' the correct unit of measurement for the speed of light.

2. Differentiate between the digestive and respiratory systems.

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Lungs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Lungs. The mouth, stomach, and small intestine are all components of the digestive system, which is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that the body can absorb. On the other hand, the lungs are part of the respiratory system, which facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment through breathing. While the digestive system processes food for energy and nutrients, the respiratory system is primarily focused on the exchange of gases necessary for cellular respiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are all organs associated with the digestive system and do not pertain to the respiratory system.

3. Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?

• A. Pharynx
• B. Larynx
• C. Trachea
• D. Bronchi

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the larynx. The larynx, commonly referred to as the voice box, is responsible for voice production in the respiratory system. It contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound. The pharynx is a passage for food and air, the trachea is a tubular structure that carries air to and from the lungs, and the bronchi are the main airway passages in the lungs. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a direct role in voice production.

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• A. Synthesis of lipids (fats)
• B. Transport of materials within the cell
• C. Detoxification of harmful substances
• D. Breakdown of cellular waste products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not involved in the breakdown of cellular waste products; this function is primarily carried out by lysosomes. The ER is responsible for the synthesis of lipids (fats), transport of materials within the cell, and detoxification of harmful substances. Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste products through processes like autophagy. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the known functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.

5. What is the process of cells dividing to produce new cells called?

• A. Cell division
• B. Cell differentiation
• C. Cell growth
• D. Cell regeneration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cell division is the correct answer. It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, enabling growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms. This process ensures that genetic material is accurately passed on to the new cells. Cell differentiation refers to the specialization of cells to perform specific functions, while cell growth is the increase in size or mass of a cell. Cell regeneration involves replacing damaged or lost cells with new ones, where cell division plays a role but is not the primary process of generating new cells. Therefore, in the context of cells producing new cells, cell division is the accurate term.

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