Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of a fertilized egg attaching itself to the uterine lining called?

• A. Ovulation
• B. Implantation
• C. Parturition
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Implantation is the correct answer. It is the process in which a fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterine lining, where it will develop into an embryo and eventually a fetus. Ovulation, on the other hand, is the release of an egg from the ovary. Parturition refers to the process of giving birth, while menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur. Therefore, the process described in the question specifically pertains to implantation.

2. Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that lengthens while another muscle contracts to produce movement?

• A. Synergist
• B. Agonist
• C. Antagonist
• D. Flexor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Antagonist.' An antagonist muscle is a muscle that lengthens while another muscle (agonist) contracts to produce movement. The antagonist muscle relaxes to allow the agonist muscle to contract effectively. In this scenario, the antagonist muscle works in opposition to the agonist muscle, providing control and precision to movement. The other choices are incorrect because a synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle in performing a movement, an agonist muscle is the primary muscle responsible for generating movement, and a flexor muscle is a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint.

3. What is the product of the complete combustion of propane (C3H8)?

• A. CO2
• B. CO
• C. CH4
• D. C

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The complete combustion of propane (C3H8) results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. When a hydrocarbon such as propane undergoes complete combustion, the carbon atoms combine with oxygen to form CO2. This makes choice A, CO2, the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as CO is carbon monoxide, CH4 is methane, and C is elemental carbon, none of which are the primary product of the complete combustion of propane.

4. What makes bone resistant to shattering?

• A. The calcium salts deposited in the bone
• B. The collagen fibers
• C. The bone marrow and network of blood vessels
• D. The intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bone is resistant to shattering due to the intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers. The minerals provide strength to the bone, while the collagen fibers offer flexibility. This combination ensures that bone is a robust and resilient tissue. Choice A (The calcium salts deposited in the bone) is incorrect as calcium salts alone do not provide the necessary flexibility for bone to withstand shattering. Choice B (The collagen fibers) is partially correct as collagen fibers contribute to the flexibility of bone but alone are not sufficient for resistance to shattering. Choice C (The bone marrow and network of blood vessels) is incorrect as they do not directly contribute to the physical resistance of bone to shattering.

5. Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. This is called

• A. Atrophy
• B. Hypertrophy
• C. DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• D. Spasm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers, leading to Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Atrophy refers to the wasting away of muscle tissue, hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size, and spasm is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. DOMS typically occurs 24 to 72 hours after intense exercise and is characterized by muscle stiffness, tenderness, and reduced range of motion. It is a normal response to unfamiliar or strenuous physical activity and indicates that the muscles are adapting to the workload. Therefore, the correct answer is C (DOMS) as it specifically describes the phenomenon of muscle soreness resulting from microscopic tears in muscle fibers, distinguishing it from the other choices which refer to different physiological processes or conditions.

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