Nursing Elites

1. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?

• A. A constant force acting on it
• B. No force acting on it
• C. A force that increases in magnitude over time
• D. A force that decreases in magnitude over time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if an object is initially at rest and no force is acting on it, it will remain at rest due to Newton's First Law of Motion. This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Choices A, C, and D all involve forces acting on the object, which would cause it to move according to Newton's laws of motion. Choice A, a constant force acting on the object, would cause it to move at a constant velocity. Choice C, a force that increases in magnitude over time, would accelerate the object. Choice D, a force that decreases in magnitude over time, would decelerate the object.

2. Which human body system is correctly matched with its function?

• A. Respiratory system; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
• B. Circulatory system; transports oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
• C. Lymphatic system; produces antibodies that destroy virally affected or foreign cells.
• D. Endocrine system; regulates hormones controlling bodily functions and metabolism.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all the body's cells and tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the cells and transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the exchange of gases necessary for bodily functions. Choice B accurately matches the role of the circulatory system by describing its function of transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, which is essential for maintaining proper cellular activities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately match the body system with its function. The respiratory system primarily involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, not transportation to cells; the lymphatic system deals with immunity through the production of antibodies, not gas exchange; and the endocrine system's main function is hormone regulation, not the transport of gases.

3. Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of the oral cavity, providing a barrier against external insults?

• A. Simple squamous epithelium
• B. Stratified squamous epithelium
• C. Simple columnar epithelium
• D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The oral cavity is constantly exposed to mechanical stress and potential injury from food particles and other external factors. To protect against these insults, a strong and resilient epithelium is needed. Stratified squamous epithelium is the best choice for lining the oral cavity due to its multiple layers of cells. This type of epithelium provides a robust barrier that can withstand abrasion and protect the underlying tissues. Simple squamous epithelium (choice A) is too thin and not suitable for a protective function. Simple columnar epithelium (choice C) is more suited for absorption and secretion functions, not protection against mechanical stress. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (choice D) is found in respiratory passages and functions in mucociliary clearance, not in providing a protective barrier against external insults in the oral cavity.

4. Which of the following blood vessels contains the least oxygenated blood?

• A. Aorta
• B. Vena cava
• C. Pulmonary artery
• D. Femoral vein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This blood is considered the least oxygenated in the body as it has just returned from circulating through the body's tissues and is in need of oxygen replenishment. Choice A, the aorta, is incorrect as it carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Choice B, the vena cava, carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Choice D, the femoral vein, also carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the lower extremities.

5. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called

• A. Ligaments
• B. Tendons
• C. Cartilage
• D. Fascia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called tendons. Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement and stability in the body. Ligaments (option A) connect bones to other bones, not muscles to bones. Cartilage (option C) is firm and flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, but it does not attach muscles to bones. Fascia (option D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing support and protection, but it does not directly attach muscles to bones.

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