Nursing Elites

1. What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

• A. Proteins
• B. Lipids
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleotides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The plasma membrane is composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. While proteins are an essential component of the plasma membrane, it is not the only constituent. Carbohydrates and lipids also play crucial roles in the structure and function of the plasma membrane. Nucleotides are not part of the primary structural components of the plasma membrane, making this choice incorrect.

2. Which bacteria are spherical in shape?

• A. Clostridia
• B. Bacilli
• C. Spirilla
• D. Cocci

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cocci. Bacteria that are spherical in shape are known as cocci. They can be found in various arrangements such as clusters, chains, or pairs. Examples of cocci bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Choice A, Clostridia, consists of rod-shaped bacteria. Choice B, Bacilli, refers to rod-shaped bacteria as well. Choice C, Spirilla, are spiral-shaped bacteria, not spherical.

3. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins?

• A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• B. Ribosomes
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Vacuoles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ribosomes are the organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins. They are the cellular machinery responsible for translating mRNA into proteins, making them essential for cell function and structure. The other organelles listed, such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles, have different functions unrelated to protein synthesis. The Endoplasmic Reticulum plays a role in protein processing and transport, Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and Vacuoles are responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.

4. Tonicity refers to the movement of:

• A. Water
• B. Solute
• C. Cells
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tonicity refers to the movement of water across a membrane in response to differences in solute concentration. In a hypertonic solution, where there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move out of the cell to try to reach equilibrium. In a hypotonic solution, where there is a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move into the cell to balance the concentrations. Cells and solutes themselves do not actively move in response to tonicity; it is the movement of water that helps achieve equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is water (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as tonicity specifically refers to water movement and not the movement of solutes, cells, or none of the above.

5. What is the classification of organisms into different categories based on their physical characteristics and presumed natural relationship?

• A. Biology
• B. Taxonomy
• C. Grouping
• D. Nomenclature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Taxonomy is the correct answer. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the classification of organisms into different categories based on their physical characteristics and presumed natural relationship. It involves naming and categorizing organisms into hierarchical groups to show their evolutionary relationships. Choice A, 'Biology,' is incorrect as it is the broader field of science that encompasses the study of living organisms. Choice C, 'Grouping,' is incorrect as it is a general term that does not specifically refer to the systematic classification of organisms. Choice D, 'Nomenclature,' is incorrect as it refers to the system of naming organisms rather than the classification based on physical characteristics and natural relationships.

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