Nursing Elites

1. Which number represents the number of protons in an element?

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Mass number
• C. Atomic number
• D. Proton number

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atomic number. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in an element. Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Each element has a unique atomic number, which defines its identity based on the number of protons it contains. Choice A, Atomic mass, is incorrect as it refers to the average mass of an atom of an element. Choice B, Mass number, represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. Choice D, Proton number, is not a commonly used term in chemistry to indicate the number of protons.

2. What are the three types of radiation?

• A. Alpha, beta, gamma
• B. Alpha, beta, delta
• C. Gamma, delta, epsilon
• D. Beta, gamma, epsilon

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Alpha, beta, gamma. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, beta radiation comprises electrons or positrons, and gamma radiation is high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Choice B, delta, is incorrect as delta is not a type of radiation. Choice C, gamma, delta, epsilon, and Choice D, beta, gamma, epsilon, are incorrect as they do not include the three standard types of radiation.

3. Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

• A. Sour taste
• B. Bitter taste
• C. Reacts with bases
• D. Slippery feel

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Sour taste.' Acids are known to have a sour taste, which is a fundamental characteristic property of acids. This taste distinguishes acids from bases, which are more likely to have a bitter taste. The sour taste of acids is due to the presence of hydrogen ions in them. Therefore, when identifying an acid based on taste, the sour taste serves as a key indicator. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Bitter taste is associated with bases, not acids. While acids do react with bases (Choice C), this is not a characteristic property of acids but rather a chemical behavior. Slippery feel (Choice D) is a property of bases, not acids.

4. Which branch of chemistry deals with the quantities and numeric relationships between compounds in a chemical reaction?

• A. Stoichiometry
• B. Molecular chemistry
• C. Atomic chemistry
• D. Thermodynamics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. It involves the calculation of quantities of substances consumed and produced in a chemical reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. Choice B, 'Molecular chemistry,' is incorrect as it focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of molecules. Choice C, 'Atomic chemistry,' is incorrect as it primarily deals with the study of atoms and their interactions. Choice D, 'Thermodynamics,' is incorrect as it pertains to the study of energy and heat transfer in chemical and physical processes.

5. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?

• A. Condensation
• B. Sublimation
• C. Evaporation
• D. Melting

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Evaporation.' This phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. During evaporation, molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and enter the gas phase, without the need for the liquid to reach its boiling point. Choice A, 'Condensation,' is the opposite phase change where gas turns into a liquid. Choice B, 'Sublimation,' is the phase change from solid directly to gas, skipping the liquid phase. Choice D, 'Melting,' is the phase change from solid to liquid.

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