Nursing Elites

1. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in a fixed position?

• A. Liquid
• B. Solid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a 'solid' state, particles are tightly packed in fixed positions, maintaining a definite shape and volume. This arrangement allows solids to maintain a rigid structure. Liquids have particles that are close together but can move past each other, giving them the ability to flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely, leading to their ability to expand to fill any container. Plasma is an ionized gas where particles have high energy levels and are not packed tightly together, making it an uncommon state of matter on Earth.

2. What is the charge of noble gases?

• A. -1
• B. 0
• C. 1
• D. 2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 0. Noble gases have a charge of 0 because they have full valence shells and are inert. This makes them stable and unreactive, resulting in a charge of 0 as they do not readily gain or lose electrons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because noble gases do not typically form ions by gaining or losing electrons, so they do not carry a charge of -1, 1, or 2.

3. Which of these elements has the greatest atomic mass?

• A. Au
• B. Ba
• C. I
• D. W

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Among the elements listed, Tungsten (W) has the greatest atomic mass. The atomic mass of Tungsten is approximately 183.84 atomic mass units (amu), while the atomic masses of the other elements listed are as follows: Gold (Au) is around 196.97 amu, Barium (Ba) is approximately 137.33 amu, and Iodine (I) is about 126.90 amu. Therefore, Tungsten (W) has the greatest atomic mass out of the given elements. Gold (Au) has a higher atomic mass than Barium (Ba) and Iodine (I), making choices A, B, and C incorrect.

4. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Oxygen
• C. Nitrogen
• D. Helium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During photosynthesis, plants utilize carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of this process, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms that depend on it for respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Carbon dioxide is utilized in photosynthesis, nitrogen is not directly involved in the process, and helium is not a gas released during photosynthesis.

5. Which substance forms hydroxide ions when placed in water?

• A. Lemon juice
• B. Battery acid
• C. Vinegar
• D. Lye

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, lye. Lye, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a strong base that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when placed in water. When lye dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions, making it an alkaline substance. Lemon juice, battery acid, and vinegar do not form hydroxide ions when placed in water. Lemon juice contains citric acid, battery acid contains sulfuric acid, and vinegar contains acetic acid, none of which produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

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