Nursing Elites

1. The hypodermis is primarily composed of which tissue?

• A. Adipose
• B. Connective
• C. Epithelial
• D. Muscle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue. Adipose tissue in the hypodermis serves as an insulator, energy reserve, and cushioning for the body. Choice B, Connective tissue, is a broad category that includes various types of tissue like adipose, but the hypodermis is specifically rich in adipose tissue. Choice C, Epithelial tissue, is not the primary component of the hypodermis; it is mainly found covering body surfaces and lining cavities. Choice D, Muscle tissue, is not a major component of the hypodermis; muscle tissue is mainly located deeper in the body and serves in movement and support functions.

2. The ureters are paired tubes that transport urine from the:

• A. Bladder to the urethra
• B. Kidneys to the bladder
• C. Urethra to the kidneys
• D. Skin to the kidneys

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ureters are responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Once urine is produced in the kidneys, it travels down the ureters to be stored in the bladder until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. Therefore, the correct answer is B, 'Kidneys to the bladder.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the ureters in the urinary system. Choice A, 'Bladder to the urethra,' is incorrect because the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not from the bladder to the urethra. Choice C, 'Urethra to the kidneys,' is incorrect as the flow of urine is from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, not in the reverse direction. Choice D, 'Skin to the kidneys,' is unrelated to the urinary system; the ureters are not involved in transporting substances from the skin to the kidneys.

3. How does the potential energy of an object change when it is compressed?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy increases
• C. Potential energy remains constant
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an object is compressed, its potential energy increases. This is because work is done on the object to compress it, resulting in an increase in potential energy stored in the object as it is compressed against an opposing force. The potential energy is transformed and stored within the object due to the work done during the compression process, leading to an increase in its potential energy. Choice A is incorrect because compression involves doing work on the object, increasing its potential energy. Choice C is incorrect because compression involves a change in position and potential energy. Choice D is incorrect because compression does not reduce potential energy to zero; rather, it increases it due to the work done in compressing the object.

4. What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

• A. Upper and lower body bones
• B. Axial and appendicular skeleton
• C. Long and short bones
• D. Compact and spongy bone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The skeletal system is divided into two main divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing structural support and protection for vital organs. On the other hand, the appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle, facilitating movement and flexibility. The divisions are based on the location and function of the bones within the skeletal system, making choices A, C, and D incorrect as they do not represent the primary divisions of the skeletal system.

5. What is the scientific term for inflammation of the bronchi, often associated with a cough and mucus production?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Bronchitis
• C. Emphysema
• D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bronchitis is the correct answer. It is the inflammation of the bronchi, which are the air passages in the lungs. Bronchitis typically presents with symptoms such as a persistent cough, mucus production, and sometimes difficulty breathing. Pneumonia, on the other hand, is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, not specifically the bronchi. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by the gradual destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulties. Pleurisy refers to inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs and chest cavity, causing chest pain when breathing or coughing.

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