Nursing Elites

1. What is the technical term for the free edges of your fingernails and toenails?

• A. Lunula (The lunula is the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail)
• B. Matrix (The matrix is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced)
• C. Hyponychium (This is the skin under the free edge of the nail)
• D. Free edge

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, hyponychium. The hyponychium is the skin under the free edge of the nail, responsible for sealing the nail to the fingertip and protecting the nail bed from bacteria and debris. The lunula (choice A) refers to the white crescent moon shape at the base of the nail. The matrix (choice B) is the area under the nail where new nail cells are produced. The free edge (choice D) is the part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip or toe.

2. What are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms, including humans, termed?

• A. Muscles
• B. Organs
• C. Tissues
• D. Cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms. They are the basic building blocks of life and carry out essential functions necessary for an organism to survive and function properly. Muscles, organs, and tissues are composed of cells, but cells are the smallest unit that can carry out all the functions of life. Muscles are made up of muscle tissue, which in turn is composed of muscle cells. Organs are structures made up of different types of tissues working together, and tissues are groups of cells with a similar structure and function. Therefore, while muscles, organs, and tissues are important components of living organisms, cells are the fundamental units that perform all the vital functions of life.

3. Which term describes the resistance of a substance to being hammered into different shapes?

• A. Viscosity
• B. Ductility
• C. Malleability
• D. Conductivity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Malleability is the property that allows a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. It is the opposite of brittleness. Ductility refers to the ability of a material to be drawn into thin wires, not hammered into shapes. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or sticky it is, not related to shaping by hammering. Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat, not resistance to being hammered into different shapes.

4. As a car accelerates from rest, what happens to its kinetic energy and the work done on it?

• A. Both kinetic energy and work done increase.
• B. Kinetic energy increases, but work done remains constant.
• C. Work done increases, but kinetic energy remains constant.
• D. Both kinetic energy and work done remain constant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a car accelerates from rest, its speed and kinetic energy increase. The work done on the car is what increases its kinetic energy, so both kinetic energy and work done increase simultaneously. Option A is correct because acceleration results in an increase in both kinetic energy and the work done on the car. Option B is incorrect because work done is required to increase kinetic energy during acceleration. Option C is incorrect as work done is directly related to the change in kinetic energy. Option D is incorrect as both kinetic energy and work done increase when the car accelerates.

5. Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

• A. They are composed of proteins only
• B. They are easily destroyed by common disinfectants
• C. hey are a type of antibiotic
• D. They are a live organism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) This statement is true. Prions are infectious agents composed entirely of protein, lacking nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. They are known for causing neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. B) This statement is false. Prions are not easily destroyed by common disinfectants due to their unique structure and resistance to conventional sterilization methods. C) This statement is false. Prions are not a type of antibiotic. They are a distinct class of infectious agents. D) This statement is false. Prions are not live organisms but rather misfolded proteins that can induce abnormal folding in normal proteins, leading to disease.

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