Nursing Elites

1. What does 'monophyletic' mean in the context of classification?

• A. A group with a single representative organism
• B. A group with diverse and unrelated members
• C. A group with similar functions but different origins
• D. A group descended from a common ancestor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the context of classification, 'monophyletic' refers to a group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants. This group shares a single evolutionary origin and forms a complete branch on a phylogenetic tree. Monophyletic groups are considered natural and valid taxonomic units because they reflect evolutionary relationships accurately. Option D is the correct choice as it accurately defines the term 'monophyletic' in the context of classification. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because 'monophyletic' does not refer to a group with a single representative organism but rather a group descended from a common ancestor. Choice B is incorrect as a monophyletic group consists of related, not diverse and unrelated, members. Choice C is incorrect as a monophyletic group includes descendants from a common ancestor, not just organisms with similar functions but different origins.

2. If you go to the market, please pick up some beef, carrots, and celery, and I will make some of that delicious stew we had last week. Which comma should be removed in the sentence above?

• A. The comma after the word 'market'
• B. The comma after the word 'beef'
• C. The comma after the word 'celery'
• D. The comma after the word 'delicious'

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The comma after 'delicious' is unnecessary as it separates the adjective 'delicious' from the noun 'stew'. In this case, 'delicious' is describing the type of stew, so the comma should be removed to maintain correct sentence structure. The other commas in the sentence are correctly used to separate items in a list and after introductory phrases, making them necessary for clarity and grammatical correctness.

3. On a highway map, the scale indicates that 1 inch represents 45 miles. If the distance on the map is 3.2 inches, how far is the actual distance?

• A. 45 miles
• B. 54 miles
• C. 112 miles
• D. 144 miles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To find the actual distance represented by 3.2 inches on the map, we use the scale of 1 inch representing 45 miles. Setting up the proportion 1 inch = 45 miles, we can calculate the actual distance by multiplying 3.2 inches by 45 miles, which equals 144 miles. Therefore, the correct answer is 144 miles. Choice A (45 miles) is incorrect as it represents the distance for 1 inch on the map, not for 3.2 inches. Choices B (54 miles) and C (112 miles) are incorrect calculations based on a misinterpretation of the scale.

4. Which of the following is the correct solution to the equation 3x + 4 = 19?

• A. x = 3
• B. x = 4
• C. x = 5
• D. x = 6

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To solve the equation 3x + 4 = 19, first, subtract 4 from both sides to isolate the term with x, which gives 3x = 15. Then, divide both sides by 3 to solve for x, resulting in x = 5. Therefore, the correct answer is x = 5. Choice A, x = 3, is incorrect as it does not satisfy the equation. Choice B, x = 4, is also incorrect as it does not make the equation true. Choice D, x = 6, is incorrect as it does not align with the correct solution obtained through the proper algebraic steps.

5. What is a characteristic property of acids?

• A. Bitter taste
• B. Sour taste
• C. Slippery feel
• D. Sweet taste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct characteristic property of acids is a sour taste. Acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, giving them a sour taste. Bitter taste is a property associated with bases, not acids. Slippery feel is a characteristic property of bases, due to their soap-like nature. Sweet taste does not accurately describe the characteristic property of acids, as they are known for their sour taste.

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