Nursing Elites

1. The anterior chamber of the eye lies between the ___________.

• A. iris and lens
• B. lens and retina
• C. cornea and iris
• D. retina and optic nerve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The anterior chamber of the eye is the fluid-filled space located between the cornea and the iris in the front part of the eye. It contains aqueous humor and helps maintain intraocular pressure. The space between the iris and the lens is known as the anterior chamber, making option A, 'iris and lens,' the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the correct anatomical location of the anterior chamber.

2. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. Carrying oxygen
• B. Carrying nutrients
• C. Carrying carbon dioxide
• D. Carrying waste products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin's primary function in red blood cells is to bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to the body's tissues and cells. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall oxygenation of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products.

3. Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism. It produces hormones such as thyroxine, which plays a key role in influencing the body's metabolic rate. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' but is not directly responsible for regulating metabolism. The adrenal gland is involved in the stress response and producing hormones like cortisol, not primarily regulating metabolism. The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

4. How do the muscular and skeletal systems collaborate to facilitate movement?

• A. Muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints.
• B. The hard bones of the skeleton protect the voluntary muscles of the limbs.
• C. The cardiac muscles produce calcium that is needed for sturdy bones.
• D. Smooth muscles on internal organs leach excess minerals from the bones.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The muscular system and the skeletal system collaborate to facilitate movement. Muscles are connected to bones through tendons and contract to generate movement at the joints. When muscles contract, they exert force on the bones, resulting in actions like bending the arm or leg. This coordinated effort between muscles and bones is crucial for various activities such as walking, running, and grasping objects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the interaction between the muscular and skeletal systems. The skeletal system's primary role is to provide structural support and protect internal organs, while cardiac muscles are responsible for heart function and not bone strength. Smooth muscles are found in internal organs and are not involved in leaching excess minerals from bones.

5. Which of the following statements is anatomically correct?

• A. The knee is distal to the ankle.
• B. The heart is inferior to the diaphragm.
• C. The hip is proximal to the knee.
• D. The wrist is proximal to the elbow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'proximal' refers to a body part being closer to the center of the body or a point of reference. In this case, the hip is closer to the center of the body compared to the knee, which makes the statement anatomically correct. Choice A is incorrect as the knee is proximal to the ankle. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is superior to the diaphragm. Choice D is incorrect as the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

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