Nursing Elites

1. Which type of joint allows for movement in multiple directions?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Ball and socket joint
• C. Pivot joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is a ball and socket joint like the shoulder or hip joint, as it allows for movement in multiple directions, including rotation. This type of joint offers a high degree of mobility due to its structure, where the rounded end of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another bone. A hinge joint (Choice A) allows movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow or knee. A pivot joint (Choice C) allows for rotation around an axis, seen in the neck joint. A saddle joint (Choice D) enables movements in multiple directions but to a lesser extent compared to a ball and socket joint, found in the thumb joint.

2. Which cellular structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ribosome. Ribosomes, the cellular structures located in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the sites where mRNA is translated into proteins, making them essential for the synthesis of proteins in all living cells. The other choices, such as the nucleus (choice A), endoplasmic reticulum (choice C), and Golgi apparatus (choice D), are not directly involved in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA and is responsible for housing the genetic material, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein folding and transport, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

3. What is a common finding in a whiplash injury?

• A. Cardiopulmonary issues
• B. Side-to-side spinal curvature
• C. Eventual herniation of discs
• D. Traumatic injury to ligaments

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A common finding in a whiplash injury is a traumatic injury to ligaments. Whiplash occurs due to sudden hyperextension and hyperflexion of the neck, leading to strain or tearing of ligaments in the neck. This can manifest as neck pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. While other complications like cardiopulmonary problems, side-to-side spinal curvature, or eventual herniation of discs are not typically associated with whiplash injuries.

4. How many bones are in the human foot?

• A. 6
• B. 16
• C. 26
• D. 36

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones collaborate to offer support, flexibility, and stability for various activities like standing, walking, and running. Choice A (6) is incorrect as it is too low for the number of bones in the human foot. Choice B (16) is incorrect as it underestimates the actual number of bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of bones in the human foot.

5. What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. Absorbing nutrients
• B. Absorbing water and forming solid waste
• C. Breaking down fats
• D. Secreting digestive enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing water and forming solid waste. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food matter and forming solid waste (feces) to be excreted from the body. This process helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and eliminating waste efficiently. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, breaking down fats, or secreting digestive enzymes. These functions are mainly carried out in the small intestine.

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