Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To absorb water and form solid waste
• C. To produce bile
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) by compacting the material and preparing it for excretion. The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients. Therefore, option B, 'To absorb water and form solid waste,' is the correct function of the large intestine in the digestive system.

2. What is the main function of the nervous system?

• A. Transporting blood
• B. Protecting the body from infection
• C. Regulating body temperature
• D. Digesting food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body and responding to internal and external stimuli. This allows for the regulation of body temperature, movement, sensory perception, and various other functions necessary for homeostasis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary role of the nervous system. Transporting blood is mainly carried out by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is a function of the immune system, and digesting food is the role of the digestive system.

3. What is the meaning of endocytosis?

• A. The cell engulfs solid particles.
• B. The cell engulfs liquid material.
• C. The cell expels solid particles.
• D. The cell releases liquid material.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Endocytosis is a cellular process where the cell engulfs and internalizes solid particles by forming vesicles. It is a mechanism used for nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Options B, C, and D describe processes that are opposite to endocytosis. Choice B is incorrect because it describes pinocytosis, which is the process of engulfing liquid material. Choice C is incorrect as it describes exocytosis, the process of expelling material from the cell. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the process of releasing liquid material from the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

4. What is the average normal body temperature in degrees Celsius?

• A. 30°C
• B. 32°C
• C. 35°C
• D. 37°C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The average normal body temperature in degrees Celsius is 37°C. This temperature is considered the standard measurement for the human body under normal conditions. It is essential to know this baseline temperature for monitoring health and detecting abnormalities such as fever. Choice A, 30°C, is too low for the average normal body temperature. Choice B, 32°C, is also below the standard normal body temperature. Choice C, 35°C, is closer but still lower than the average normal body temperature of 37°C.

5. Which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells?

• A. Selenium
• B. Calcium
• C. Magnesium
• D. Copper

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Copper is crucial for the formation of red blood cells as it is a component of enzymes involved in the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, requires copper for its synthesis. A deficiency in copper can result in anemia due to insufficient production of red blood cells. Selenium, calcium, and magnesium do not play a direct role in red blood cell formation, making them incorrect choices for this question.

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