Nursing Elites

1. Salts like sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium chloride (KCl) use what type of bond?

• A. Ionic bonds
• B. Disulfide bridges
• C. Covalent bonds
• D. London dispersion forces

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Salts like sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium chloride (KCl) use ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are formed between atoms with significantly different electronegativities, leading to the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. In the case of NaI and KCl, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are metals that easily lose electrons to become positively charged ions, while iodide (I) and chloride (Cl) are nonmetals that readily accept electrons to become negatively charged ions. The attraction between the oppositely charged ions forms the ionic bond, which holds the compound together in a lattice structure. Disulfide bridges (option B) are covalent bonds formed between sulfur atoms in proteins, not in salts. Covalent bonds (option C) involve the sharing of electrons between atoms and are typically seen in molecules, not ionic compounds like salts. London dispersion forces (option D) are weak intermolecular forces that occur between all types of molecules but are not the primary type of bond in salts like NaI and KCl.

2. Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

• A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells.
• B. Abnormal infectious proteins.
• C. Specialized structures within a cell.
• D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Specialized structures within a cell.' An organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Organelles are membrane-bound structures found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, each performing distinct roles that contribute to the overall functioning of the cell. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A describes the glycocalyx, which is a layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells. Option B refers to prions, abnormal infectious proteins. Option D defines an organ, a collection of tissues used to serve a specific function, rather than an organelle within a cell.

3. Which force opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact?

• A. Tension force
• B. Frictional force
• C. Gravitational force
• D. Magnetic force

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Frictional force. Frictional force opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact. When two surfaces are in contact and one tries to slide over the other, the frictional force resists this motion, making it harder for the surfaces to move relative to each other. Choice A, tension force, is incorrect because tension force is a force transmitted through a string, rope, cable, or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends. Choice C, gravitational force, is incorrect as it is the force of attraction between two masses. Choice D, magnetic force, is incorrect as it is the force exerted between magnetic objects.

4. Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?

• A. They are involved in the secretion of glucose.
• B. They are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue.
• C. They are critical in the digestive breakdown of fat.
• D. They are the foundational element of muscles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Adipocytes are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue. These specialized cells store energy in the form of fat and play a key role in energy balance and metabolism. Adipocytes do not secrete glucose; that function is typically attributed to other cells like pancreatic beta cells. Adipocytes are not involved in the digestive breakdown of fat, as this process primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system with the help of enzymes. Adipocytes are distinct from the foundational elements of muscles, which are primarily made up of muscle fibers and associated connective tissues.

5. What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?

• A. Packaging DNA
• B. Replicating DNA
• C. Transcribing DNA
• D. Translating mRNA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Replicating DNA. DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication. It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand based on the template provided by the existing DNA strand. This process ensures that genetic information is accurately copied and passed on to daughter cells during cell division. Option A, Packaging DNA, refers to the coiling and organization of DNA into chromatin, a process involving histones and other proteins. Option C, Transcribing DNA, involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, a process carried out by RNA polymerase. Option D, Translating mRNA, refers to the process of protein synthesis where the information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Similar Questions