Nursing Elites

1. Passive transport does not require energy input from the cell. Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

• A. Active transport of ions across a membrane
• B. Diffusion of small molecules across a concentration gradient
• C. Movement of large molecules using vesicles
• D. Endocytosis of particles into the cell

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Passive transport refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the input of energy. Diffusion of small molecules across a concentration gradient is a classic example of passive transport, as it occurs spontaneously from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport (option A) requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient. Movement of large molecules using vesicles (option C) involves processes like endocytosis and exocytosis that require energy in the form of ATP. Endocytosis of particles into the cell (option D) is an active process that requires energy expenditure by the cell to engulf and internalize extracellular substances.

2. The tonsils and adenoids, located in the throat, are part of the:

• A. Lymphatic system
• B. Endocrine system
• C. Respiratory system
• D. Digestive system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The tonsils and adenoids are part of the lymphatic system, not the respiratory, endocrine, or digestive systems. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infections and diseases by producing white blood cells and lymphatic fluid, which help in filtering harmful substances. The respiratory system is primarily responsible for breathing and gas exchange in the body, the endocrine system regulates hormones, and the digestive system is involved in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food. Therefore, the correct answer is the lymphatic system.

3. Which type of reaction is represented by the equation A + B → AB?

• A. Synthesis
• B. Decomposition
• C. Single Replacement
• D. Double Replacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Synthesis.' In a synthesis reaction, two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The equation A + B → AB represents a synthesis reaction where substances A and B combine to form compound AB. Choice B, 'Decomposition,' involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances, which is not the case in this equation. Choices C and D, 'Single Replacement' and 'Double Replacement,' involve the replacement of elements in compounds or the exchange of ions between compounds, neither of which is depicted in the given equation. Thus, 'Synthesis' is the most suitable classification for the reaction A + B → AB.

4. What initiates the process of coagulation?

• A. When blood changes from a gel to liquid form.
• B. Begins instantly after a blood vessel has been damaged.
• C. A simple single-phase response of the blood drying upon contact with the air.
• D. Also known as clotting, or the formation of fibrin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The process of coagulation, also known as blood clotting, begins instantly after a blood vessel has been damaged. When a blood vessel is injured, the body quickly responds by initiating a cascade of reactions to form a blood clot, which helps to stop bleeding and promote healing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because coagulation does not occur just when blood changes from a gel to liquid form, it is not a response of blood drying upon contact with air, and it is not simply the formation of fibrin. The primary trigger for coagulation is vascular injury.

5. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. It plays a vital role in balance and coordination by controlling motor functions, precision, and timing of movements. The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions such as thinking and problem-solving. The hypothalamus regulates essential bodily functions like temperature and hunger, while the thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information, directing it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing.

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