Nursing Elites

1. Passive transport does not require energy input from the cell. Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

• A. Active transport of ions across a membrane
• B. Diffusion of small molecules across a concentration gradient
• C. Movement of large molecules using vesicles
• D. Endocytosis of particles into the cell

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Passive transport refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the input of energy. Diffusion of small molecules across a concentration gradient is a classic example of passive transport, as it occurs spontaneously from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport (option A) requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient. Movement of large molecules using vesicles (option C) involves processes like endocytosis and exocytosis that require energy in the form of ATP. Endocytosis of particles into the cell (option D) is an active process that requires energy expenditure by the cell to engulf and internalize extracellular substances.

2. In the K-capture process, a type of electron capture, from which electron shell does the electron get captured?

• A. The outermost s-orbital
• B. An inner p-orbital
• C. An inner d-orbital
• D. Any available electron shell

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The K-capture process involves the capture of an electron from the innermost electron shell, known as the K-shell. The K-shell comprises s and p orbitals. During the K-capture process, an electron is specifically captured from an inner p-orbital within the K-shell. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because K-capture involves capturing an electron from the innermost shell (K-shell) which consists of s and p orbitals, not the outermost s-orbital, inner d-orbital, or any available electron shell.

3. Why is the lining of the stomach covered with rugae?

• A. Rugae increase the output of gastric juices.
• B. Rugae increase the surface area of the stomach.
• C. Rugae increase the permeability of the stomach walls.
• D. Rugae increase the types of nutrients that can diffuse.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rugae are folds in the stomach lining that increase its surface area. This increased surface area allows for more efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Choice A is incorrect because rugae do not directly affect the output of gastric juices. Choice C is incorrect because rugae do not impact the permeability of the stomach walls. Choice D is incorrect because rugae do not influence the types of nutrients that can diffuse.

4. Which type of reaction is represented by the equation A + B → AB?

• A. Synthesis
• B. Decomposition
• C. Single Replacement
• D. Double Replacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Synthesis.' In a synthesis reaction, two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The equation A + B → AB represents a synthesis reaction where substances A and B combine to form compound AB. Choice B, 'Decomposition,' involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances, which is not the case in this equation. Choices C and D, 'Single Replacement' and 'Double Replacement,' involve the replacement of elements in compounds or the exchange of ions between compounds, neither of which is depicted in the given equation. Thus, 'Synthesis' is the most suitable classification for the reaction A + B → AB.

5. Which of the following scenarios represents an example of static friction?

• A. Sliding a heavy box across the floor
• B. A car moving around a curve
• C. Pushing a stationary object
• D. Braking a car to stop

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Static friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact but not moving relative to each other. Pushing a stationary object involves static friction as you apply a force to overcome the friction keeping the object stationary. Choices A, B, and D involve kinetic friction, which occurs when two surfaces are moving relative to each other. Option A involves moving the box across the floor, which is an example of kinetic friction. Option B involves the movement of a car around a curve, which also relates to kinetic friction due to the relative movement between the tires and the road. Option D describes braking a car to stop, where the moving car's wheels interact with the road, creating kinetic friction to slow down and stop the car.

Similar Questions