Nursing Elites

1. What are the four main regions of the stomach?

• A. Pylorus, cecum, fundus, body
• B. Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
• C. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum
• D. Cardia, fundus, body, ileum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus. The four main regions of the stomach are the cardia (where food enters), fundus (upper part), body (largest part), and pylorus (exit part to the small intestine). These regions play specific roles in the digestion process. Choice A is incorrect because the cecum is part of the large intestine, not the stomach. Choice C lists parts of the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the ileum is the last part of the small intestine, not a region of the stomach.

2. Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the integumentary system, the skin?

• A. Protect internal tissues from injury
• B. Waterproof the body
• C. Help regulate body temperature
• D. Return fluid to the blood vessels

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, performs various functions like protecting internal tissues from injury, waterproofing the body, and helping regulate body temperature. The function of returning fluid to the blood vessels is primarily associated with the lymphatic system, not the integumentary system. The skin contributes to fluid balance by regulating sweating and preventing excessive water loss, but it does not directly return fluid to the blood vessels, making this the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are functions directly related to the integumentary system and are essential for maintaining the body's overall health and well-being.

3. What is the scientific term for inflammation of the bronchi, often associated with a cough and mucus production?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Bronchitis
• C. Emphysema
• D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bronchitis is the correct answer. It is the inflammation of the bronchi, which are the air passages in the lungs. Bronchitis typically presents with symptoms such as a persistent cough, mucus production, and sometimes difficulty breathing. Pneumonia, on the other hand, is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, not specifically the bronchi. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by the gradual destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulties. Pleurisy refers to inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs and chest cavity, causing chest pain when breathing or coughing.

4. What does half-life refer to?

• A. Radioactive intensity to completely disappear
• B. The number of neutrons in a nucleus to double
• C. The number of protons in a nucleus to change
• D. An isotope to decay by half of its initial quantity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Half-life refers to the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. This means that after one half-life, half of the initial quantity of the radioactive substance will have decayed. Choice A is incorrect because radioactive intensity doesn't completely disappear during half-life. Choice B is incorrect as half-life doesn't refer to the number of neutrons doubling. Choice C is incorrect as half-life doesn't relate to the number of protons changing.

5. Which of the following best describes the function of synergists?

• A. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements
• B. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion
• C. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Synergists play multiple roles in muscle function. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements by working together with them. Additionally, synergists help stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, contributing to the efficiency of movement. Furthermore, they also help prevent unwanted movement at a joint by ensuring that the intended motion is executed smoothly. Therefore, all the statements in the answer choices accurately describe the functions of synergists, making 'All of the above' the most comprehensive and precise description of their role.

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