Nursing Elites

1. What do nociceptors detect?

• A. Deep pressure
• B. Vibration
• C. Pain
• D. Temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect and transmit signals related to pain. These receptors are activated by noxious stimuli that can potentially cause tissue damage or injury, triggering the perception of pain in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Pain.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because nociceptors specifically respond to painful stimuli, not deep pressure, vibration, or temperature.

2. What happens to the potential energy of an object as it falls freely near the Earth's surface?

• A. Potential energy decreases
• B. Potential energy increases
• C. Potential energy remains constant
• D. Potential energy becomes zero

Correct answer: A

Rationale: As an object falls freely near the Earth's surface, its potential energy decreases. This decrease occurs because the gravitational potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy as the object accelerates due to gravity. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total mechanical energy (the sum of potential and kinetic energy) remains constant in the absence of non-conservative forces like air resistance. Choice B ('Potential energy increases') is incorrect because the object's potential energy is being converted into kinetic energy, leading to a decrease. Choice C ('Potential energy remains constant') is incorrect as the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy results in a decrease in potential energy. Choice D ('Potential energy becomes zero') is incorrect because potential energy is not reduced to zero but is transformed into kinetic energy as the object falls.

3. Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with the feeling of happiness and well-being?

• A. Dopamine
• B. Serotonin
• C. GABA
• D. Acetylcholine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter known for its role in mood regulation, promoting feelings of happiness and well-being. It helps regulate emotions, sleep, and appetite. Low levels of serotonin have been linked to conditions like depression and anxiety. Choice A, Dopamine, is more associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain. GABA (Choice C) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in reducing neuronal excitability, not primarily linked to happiness. Acetylcholine (Choice D) is involved in muscle contraction and has functions related to memory and attention, but it is not primarily associated with feelings of happiness and well-being.

4. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?

• A. Water increases temperature.
• B. Water keeps temperature stable.
• C. Water decreases temperature.
• D. Water does not affect temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release a large amount of heat energy without causing a significant change in temperature. This property allows water to help regulate the temperature of living things by buffering against sudden temperature changes in the environment. Overall, water helps to maintain a stable temperature within living organisms, which is crucial for their survival and physiological processes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because water's high specific heat capacity enables it to stabilize temperatures rather than increasing, decreasing, or having no effect on them.

5. Which type of cell division is responsible for growth and repair?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Binary fission
• D. Osmosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct type of cell division responsible for growth and repair. During mitosis, a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, contributing to growth and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is involved in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, and osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

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