Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of matter changes in volume with changes in temperature and pressure?

• A. Liquid
• B. Gas
• C. Solid
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A gas changes its volume with changes in temperature and pressure due to the particles moving more rapidly at higher temperatures, and pressure affects the space between particles. Liquids have a relatively fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Solids have a definite shape and volume, so they do not change volume with changes in temperature and pressure. Plasma is a state of matter where particles are highly energized and do not have a fixed volume, but it does not exhibit volume changes with temperature and pressure variations.

2. What is the name of the bond formed when two atoms share electrons?

• A. Covalent bond
• B. Ionic bond
• C. Metallic bond
• D. Hydrogen bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, creating a stable electron configuration. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, leading to a stable molecule. In contrast, an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. Metallic bonds are formed between metal atoms and involve a 'sea of electrons' that are delocalized and free to move. Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force, not a true chemical bond, and occur between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

3. Which is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen?

• A. Ozone
• B. Water
• C. Acidic oxide
• D. Carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ozone (O3) is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen. It differs from the common diatomic oxygen molecule (O2) by having three oxygen atoms bonded together. Ozone is known for its protective role in the Earth's atmosphere, absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Water (H2O) is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Acidic oxide and carbon dioxide are not triatomic allotropes of oxygen. Carbon dioxide consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, while acidic oxides refer to compounds where oxygen is bonded with other elements to form oxides, and they are not allotropes of oxygen.

4. Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

• A. Gas
• B. Liquid
• C. Solid
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container is a 'Liquid.' Liquids have a fixed volume but can change their shape to fit the container they are in. This property distinguishes liquids from solids, which have both a definite shape and volume, and gases, which do not have a fixed volume or shape. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Liquid.' Choice A, 'Gas,' is incorrect because gases do not have a definite volume or shape. Choice C, 'Solid,' is incorrect as solids have a definite shape and volume. Choice D, 'Plasma,' is incorrect because plasma is a state of matter where atoms have been ionized and do not have a fixed volume or shape.

5. What are positively charged ions called?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Protons
• C. Cations
• D. Electrons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Positively charged ions are called cations. When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is referred to as a cation. Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not charged. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, not positively charged ions.

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