Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of matter changes in volume with changes in temperature and pressure?

• A. Liquid
• B. Gas
• C. Solid
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A gas changes its volume with changes in temperature and pressure due to the particles moving more rapidly at higher temperatures, and pressure affects the space between particles. Liquids have a relatively fixed volume but take the shape of their container. Solids have a definite shape and volume, so they do not change volume with changes in temperature and pressure. Plasma is a state of matter where particles are highly energized and do not have a fixed volume, but it does not exhibit volume changes with temperature and pressure variations.

2. Which type of change occurs when no change is made to the chemical composition of a substance?

• A. Chemical
• B. Physical
• C. Nuclear
• D. Mechanical

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A physical change refers to alterations in the state of matter without modifying the chemical composition of the substance. Examples of physical changes include changes in state (solid, liquid, gas), shape, size, or phase. In a physical change, the substance may look different or behave differently, but its chemical structure remains the same. On the other hand, chemical changes involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the creation of entirely new substances with different chemical properties. Nuclear changes involve alterations in the nucleus of an atom, such as radioactive decay. Mechanical changes refer to changes in the position or motion of an object caused by applied forces, like pushing, pulling, or twisting.

3. Which particles are emitted during radioactivity?

• A. Electrons
• B. Protons
• C. Radiation
• D. Neutrons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During radioactivity, radiation is emitted from an unstable nucleus. This radiation can take various forms like alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. These particles or rays are emitted as a result of the unstable nucleus's attempt to achieve a more stable configuration. Therefore, the correct answer is radiation (Choice C). Electrons (Choice A), protons (Choice B), and neutrons (Choice D) are not typically emitted during radioactivity, as the emission is primarily in the form of radiation.

4. What are proteins made up of?

• A. Fatty acids
• B. Amino acids
• C. Nucleotides
• D. Sugars

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.

5. What determines polarity in a molecule?

• A. Bond length
• B. Bond strength
• C. Electronegativity
• D. Molecular weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polarity in a molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond and molecule become. This difference leads to an uneven distribution of electron density within the bond, creating partial positive and negative charges on the atoms involved. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Bond length and strength do not determine polarity, and molecular weight is not directly related to the polarity of a molecule.

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