Nursing Elites

1. In the process of osmosis, the solvent moves from an area of...

• A. Low solute concentration to high solute concentration
• B. Hotter solution to colder solution
• C. Colder solution to hotter solution
• D. High solute concentration to low solute concentration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the process of osmosis, solvent molecules move from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration. This movement occurs to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. As water tends to move towards higher solute concentrations, the solvent moves in this direction to balance the concentrations and establish equilibrium. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because osmosis involves the movement of solvent, not solute, and it moves towards the area of higher solute concentration, not lower. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

2. How does friction affect motion?

• A. Friction increases speed
• B. Friction decreases speed
• C. Friction has no impact on speed
• D. Friction causes objects to float

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Friction is a force that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact. It acts in the opposite direction to the direction of motion, causing objects to slow down or come to a stop. Therefore, friction decreases speed rather than increasing it. Choice A is incorrect as friction does not increase speed but rather hinders it. Choice C is incorrect because friction does have an impact on speed by slowing down objects. Choice D is incorrect as friction's effect is not making objects float but rather causing resistance to motion.

3. In meiosis, how many divisions occur, and how many daughter cells are produced?

• A. One division, two daughter cells
• B. Two divisions, four daughter cells
• C. Four divisions, eight daughter cells
• D. Eight divisions, sixteen daughter cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In meiosis, there are two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, resulting in a total of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Therefore, meiosis involves two divisions and produces four daughter cells. Choice A is incorrect because meiosis involves two divisions, not one. Choice C and D are incorrect as meiosis does not go through four or eight divisions, resulting in eight or sixteen daughter cells.

4. Following the scientific method, which steps would be done before gathering qualitative data?

• A. Communicate with a scientific journal
• B. Define the problem
• C. Develop a hypothesis
• D. Categorize data for statistical analysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the scientific method, defining the problem is typically the initial step. Before gathering qualitative data, it is essential to clearly outline and understand the issue or question being addressed. This step helps in guiding the research process and ensures that the data collected are relevant to the problem at hand. Communicating with a scientific journal (Choice A) is not a standard step in the scientific method; it comes after the research is conducted. Developing a hypothesis (Choice C) usually follows defining the problem and precedes data collection. Categorizing data for statistical analysis (Choice D) occurs after data collection, not before gathering qualitative data.

5. How does the acceleration of an object change if the force acting on it is doubled?

• A. Acceleration is halved
• B. Acceleration doubles
• C. Acceleration remains unchanged
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the force acting on an object. When the force acting on an object is doubled, the acceleration of the object will also double. This relationship is described by the formula F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. Therefore, an increase in force will result in a proportional increase in acceleration. Choice A is incorrect because acceleration does not halve but doubles when force doubles. Choice C is incorrect as acceleration changes in direct proportion to force. Choice D is incorrect as acceleration does not quadruple but doubles when force doubles.

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