Nursing Elites

1. When testing how quickly a rat dies based on the amount of poison it eats, which of the following is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable?

• A. How quickly the rat dies is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.
• B. The amount of poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
• C. Whether the rat eats the poison is the independent variable; how quickly the rat dies is the dependent variable.
• D. The cage the rat is kept in is the independent variable; the amount of poison is the dependent variable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In this experiment, the independent variable is the amount of poison because it is what is being manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is how quickly the rat dies, as it is the outcome that is being measured based on the different amounts of poison administered. Choice A is incorrect because the independent variable should be what is being manipulated or changed, which is the amount of poison in this case. Choice C is incorrect because whether the rat eats the poison is not being varied or controlled by the researcher. Choice D is incorrect because the cage the rat is kept in is not relevant to the relationship being studied between the amount of poison and the rat's survival time.

2. Which type of capillary is the most common and least permeable?

• A. Fenestrated capillaries
• B. Sinusoidal capillaries
• C. Continuous capillaries
• D. Discontinuous capillaries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, continuous capillaries. Continuous capillaries are the most common and least permeable type of capillary. They are found in most tissues, including muscle and the nervous system. Continuous capillaries have a continuous endothelium without fenestrations or large gaps, which limits the movement of substances across their walls. Choice A, fenestrated capillaries, have pores (fenestrations) in their endothelial cells, making them more permeable than continuous capillaries. Choice B, sinusoidal capillaries, have a discontinuous endothelium with large gaps between cells, making them more permeable and allowing larger molecules and cells to pass through compared to continuous capillaries. Choice D, discontinuous capillaries, are similar to sinusoidal capillaries with a discontinuous endothelium, allowing for enhanced permeability compared to continuous capillaries.

3. When a person pushes a box across the floor, which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

• A. The person's pushing force
• B. The normal force from the floor
• C. The gravitational force on the box
• D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal force from the floor is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the box, so it does not contribute to the work being done. Work is only done by forces acting in the direction of motion of an object. In this case, the normal force is acting at a right angle to the motion, hence it does not perform any work on the box. The person's pushing force, the gravitational force, and the frictional force are all acting in the direction of motion of the box, so they contribute to the work being done in moving the box across the floor.

4. What is the electrical charge of the nucleus?

• A. A nucleus always has a positive charge.
• B. A stable nucleus has a positive charge, but a radioactive nucleus may have no charge and instead be neutral.
• C. A nucleus always has no charge and is instead neutral.
• D. A stable nucleus has no charge and is instead neutral, but a radioactive nucleus may have a charge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A nucleus always has a positive charge. This is because the nucleus is composed of positively charged protons, along with neutral neutrons. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the surrounding electrons in an atom, resulting in an overall neutral charge for the atom as a whole. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the positive charge of the nucleus due to the presence of protons. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the fundamental composition and charge distribution within an atom's nucleus. A stable nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, leading to an overall positive charge, and not a neutral charge as suggested in the incorrect choices.

5. What is the function of the Vas Deferens?

• A. Produces fluid to increase sperm mobility
• B. Site where the egg matures
• C. Helps control urine flow
• D. Connects each testis to the urethra

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The vas deferens is a duct that connects each testis to the urethra, allowing the transport of sperm. Choice A is incorrect because the vas deferens does not produce fluid to increase sperm mobility. Choice B is incorrect as the vas deferens is not a site for egg maturation. Choice C is incorrect as the vas deferens does not help control urine flow, its primary role is in the transport of sperm.

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