Nursing Elites

1. If an impulse is traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron?

• A. Motor neuron
• B. Sensory neuron
• C. Interneuron
• D. Bipolar neuron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensory neuron. A sensory neuron is responsible for carrying impulses from sensory receptors to the spinal cord. These neurons transmit information about external stimuli from the periphery to the central nervous system for processing and response. Choice A, Motor neuron, is incorrect as motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling movement and secretion. Choice C, Interneuron, is incorrect as interneurons act as connectors between sensory and motor neurons, primarily facilitating communication between the two. Choice D, Bipolar neuron, is incorrect as bipolar neurons are specialized sensory neurons found in some sensory organs like the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium.

2. What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To fight infections
• C. To clot blood
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To clot blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, have a primary function in blood clotting. They help in the process of coagulation, forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. Platelets play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system by sealing off damaged blood vessels and promoting wound healing. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because platelets do not carry oxygen, fight infections, or transport nutrients in the blood.

3. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To remove carbon dioxide from the body
• B. To transport oxygen to the cells
• C. To deliver nutrients to cells
• D. To create sound and speech

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases. It transports oxygen from the air into the bloodstream, which is crucial for cellular respiration and providing energy to the cells. Additionally, it removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the respiratory system does remove carbon dioxide, its primary role is oxygen transport, not nutrient delivery, sound, or speech production.

4. How does the integumentary system interact with the nervous system?

• A. The integumentary system removes heat from the neurons in the nervous system.
• B. The nervous system circulates nutrients outward to the integumentary system.
• C. Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system.
• D. Messages from the nervous system affect the color and texture of the skin.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system. The integumentary system, comprising the skin, hair, and nails, functions as a sensory organ and a protective barrier against external threats. Specialized receptors in the skin detect stimuli like pressure, temperature, and pain, transmitting signals to the nervous system for interpretation. This communication enables the perception of touch and is vital for sensory processes, showcasing the interconnectedness between the integumentary and nervous systems. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the integumentary system primarily interacts with the nervous system through sensory input and communication of stimuli, rather than heat removal, nutrient circulation, or affecting skin color and texture based on nervous system messages.

5. The vena cavae drain blood from the body into the ___________.

• A. right atrium
• B. right ventricle
• C. left atrium
• D. left ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The vena cavae are large veins responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. They empty into the right atrium of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle before being sent to the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation, making choice A, 'right atrium,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles of the heart; instead, they deliver blood to the atria.

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