Nursing Elites

1. What is the meaning of exocytosis?

• A. The cell engulfs and brings in substances.
• B. The cell releases content outside by fusing with the plasma membrane.
• C. The cell engulfs liquid material.
• D. The cell brings in solid particles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Exocytosis is the process by which a cell releases substances to the outside by fusing with the plasma membrane. During exocytosis, vesicles containing molecules fuse with the cell membrane, allowing the release of the contents outside the cell. This process is crucial for the secretion of various substances such as hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe processes different from exocytosis. Choice A describes endocytosis, where the cell engulfs substances to bring them into the cell. Choice C is more aligned with pinocytosis, the process of engulfing liquid material. Choice D refers to phagocytosis, which is the uptake of solid particles by the cell.

2. Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Somatostatin
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. It promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles, reducing blood sugar levels. Glucagon, on the other hand, works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and releasing it into the bloodstream. Somatostatin regulates the endocrine system and inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and it plays a role in stress response and metabolism, but it does not directly lower blood glucose levels.

3. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?

• A. Osteoblasts
• B. Neuroglia
• C. Osteocytes
• D. Arterioles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neuroglia are specialized connective tissue cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. They assist in the proper functioning of neurons and are essential for maintaining the overall health of nerve tissue. Therefore, in the context of nerve tissue composition, neuroglia are the connective tissue cells associated with neurons. The other choices, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and arterioles, are not the correct types of connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small blood vessels that supply blood to tissues.

4. Which type of blood cell is involved in clotting?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are responsible for forming blood clots to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured, making them the correct choice in this context. Red blood cells (Choice A) are primarily involved in oxygen transport, white blood cells (Choice B) are part of the immune system, and plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances.

5. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?

• A. Ulna
• B. Femur
• C. Radius
• D. Humerus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.

Similar Questions