how does the nervous system work with the muscular system

HESI A2

Anatomy HESI A2

1. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

2. Which gland controls Calciferol?

A. Thyroid
B. Pituitary
C. Parathyroid
D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.

3. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Melatonin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It achieves this by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby reducing the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Choice A, Glucagon, is actually a hormone produced by the pancreas that works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Choice C, Cortisol, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and regulation of metabolism. Choice D, Melatonin, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly involved in blood glucose level regulation.

4. What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

A. To absorb nutrients
B. To break down food
C. To secrete digestive enzymes
D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach's primary function in digestion is to mechanically and chemically break down food. It achieves this by utilizing gastric acid and digestive enzymes to convert food into chyme, a semi-liquid mixture. The chyme is then passed to the small intestine for further processing and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the stomach's main role is not to absorb nutrients, secrete digestive enzymes, or transport nutrients; instead, it primarily focuses on breaking down food.

5. Which part of the brain is involved in processing visual information?

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is primarily responsible for processing visual information received from the eyes. It plays a crucial role in interpreting and making sense of the visual stimuli perceived by the eyes, such as shapes, colors, and movement. This region is essential for visual perception and is specialized for processing and analyzing visual input, making it the correct answer. The frontal lobe is primarily involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making and problem-solving, not visual processing. The parietal lobe is more related to sensory processes and spatial awareness, while the temporal lobe is primarily involved in processing auditory information and memory, not visual processing.