how does the nervous system work with the muscular system

HESI A2

Anatomy HESI A2

1. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

2. The corpus callosum facilitates communication between which brain structures?

A. the left and right brain
B. the skeletal and neural systems
C. the brain and spinal cord
D. the thalamus and hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain that enables communication between the two hemispheres. It allows for the transfer of various types of information, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive, between the left and right brain hemispheres, aiding in overall brain function and integration of tasks. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum.

3. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?

A. Glomerulus
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The glomerulus is the correct answer. It is a vital structure in the kidney responsible for filtering blood. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. While the Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct are also essential components of the nephron, the primary site of blood filtration occurs at the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and important ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates the urine, but none of these structures are primarily responsible for filtering blood as the glomerulus is.

4. What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A. Regulating metabolism
B. Producing bile
C. Filtering blood
D. Controlling muscle movement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pituitary gland, known as the 'master gland,' plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes by secreting hormones that control other endocrine glands. This includes the regulation of metabolism, growth, reproduction, stress response, and more. Therefore, the correct function of the pituitary gland is regulating metabolism, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pituitary gland is not involved in producing bile, filtering blood, or controlling muscle movement.

5. Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting. These proteins help in the coagulation process, ensuring that wounds can heal properly by preventing excessive bleeding. Without sufficient Vitamin K, the blood clotting process may be impaired, leading to potential health risks. Vitamin D is important for bone health, Vitamin C is essential for the immune system and collagen production, and Vitamin B12 plays a role in red blood cell production and nerve function, but they are not directly involved in the blood clotting process.