Nursing Elites

1. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

• A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
• B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
• C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
• D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

2. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

• A. Veins
• B. Arteries
• C. Capillaries
• D. Nerves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's contractions, ensuring efficient transport of blood throughout the body. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Nerves are not involved in the transport of blood.

3. Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart. It is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body. Unlike smooth and skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has its own unique structure and function to meet the demands of the heart's continuous pumping action. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, not in the heart. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and helps in movement but is not found in the heart. Striated muscle is a broader term that includes both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but specifically, cardiac muscle refers to the muscle tissue of the heart.

4. What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To fight infections
• C. To clot blood
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To clot blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, have a primary function in blood clotting. They help in the process of coagulation, forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. Platelets play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system by sealing off damaged blood vessels and promoting wound healing. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because platelets do not carry oxygen, fight infections, or transport nutrients in the blood.

5. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. The cerebellum, situated at the back of the brain, is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate motor movements. The cerebrum (choice B) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and decision-making, the medulla oblongata (choice C) controls vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, and the hypothalamus (choice D) is involved in regulating basic biological needs like hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

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