Nursing Elites

1. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

• A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
• B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
• C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
• D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

2. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex?

• A. Insulin
• B. Cortisol
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Glucagon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cortisol. Cortisol is the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and managing stress. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, thyroxine by the thyroid gland, and glucagon by the pancreas. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.

3. Which organelle is responsible for generating energy within a cell?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mitochondria are commonly referred to as the powerhouses of the cell as they are primarily responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration. This process involves converting nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. The nucleus is responsible for storing the cell's genetic material, the ribosome is involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing molecules produced by the cell; therefore, they are not directly involved in energy generation.

4. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. To transport nutrients
• B. To fight infections
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To produce energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To carry oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This oxygen transport is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall functioning of the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is not to transport nutrients, fight infections, or produce energy in red blood cells.

5. What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

• A. To produce insulin
• B. To regulate metabolism and stress response
• C. To fight infections
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the adrenal glands is to regulate metabolism and the body's stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that play a vital role in managing metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the adrenal glands. Choice C is incorrect because fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of blood pressure involves organs like the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, not the adrenal glands.

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