Nursing Elites

1. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

• A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
• B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
• C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
• D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nervous system communicates with the muscular system to control voluntary and involuntary muscle movements. The nervous system sends signals to the muscles, instructing them on how to respond to various stimuli in the environment. This communication allows for coordinated movement and responses to external and internal changes. Choice A is incorrect because muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves. Choice C is incorrect because the nervous system does not release chemicals to remove waste from the muscles. Choice D is incorrect because the muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions.

2. Which part of the eye is responsible for color vision?

• A. Cornea
• B. Iris
• C. Retina
• D. Lens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: Retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells, including cones that are responsible for color vision. Cones are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing us to perceive and differentiate various colors. Choice A, Cornea, is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light. It does not play a direct role in color vision. Choice B, Iris, is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye. While it is essential for adjusting light levels, it is not directly involved in color vision. Choice D, Lens, is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It helps to form clear images on the retina but does not play a role in color vision.

3. What is the function of amylase?

• A. Breaking down starch
• B. Digesting fat
• C. Breaking down protein
• D. Absorbing water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breaking down starch. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically functions to break down starch into smaller sugar molecules such as maltose and glucose. This process is essential for the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amylase does not digest fat, break down protein, or absorb water; its primary function lies in starch digestion.

4. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

• A. To pump blood throughout the body
• B. To deliver nutrients to tissues
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To protect the body from infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues while removing waste products. This circulation is essential for maintaining overall health and proper functioning of the body's cells and organs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the cardiovascular system does deliver nutrients to tissues indirectly by transporting them in the blood, regulating body temperature is primarily the role of the endocrine and nervous systems, and protecting the body from infection is the main function of the immune system.

5. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

• A. Glucagon
• B. Insulin
• C. Cortisol
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It achieves this by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby reducing the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Choice A, Glucagon, is actually a hormone produced by the pancreas that works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Choice C, Cortisol, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and regulation of metabolism. Choice D, Melatonin, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly involved in blood glucose level regulation.

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