how do dna and rna function together as part of the human genome

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS 7 Science Practice Test

1. How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome?

A. DNA carries genetic information from RNA to the cell cytoplasm.
B. RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm.
C. DNA and RNA carry genetic information from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm.
D. DNA and RNA do not interact within the cell.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. RNA acts as a messenger carrying genetic instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. This process is known as transcription and translation, where DNA provides the blueprint for protein synthesis, and RNA delivers this information to the cellular machinery in the cytoplasm. Choice A is incorrect as it inaccurately states that DNA carries genetic information from RNA, which is the opposite of the actual flow of information. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests that both DNA and RNA together carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which is not accurate. Choice D is incorrect as DNA and RNA do interact within the cell, playing crucial roles in genetic information processing and protein synthesis.

2. Four different groups of the same species of peas are grown and exposed to differing levels of sunlight, water, and fertilizer as documented in the table below. The data in the water and fertilizer columns indicate how many times the peas are watered or fertilized per week, respectively. Group 2 is the only group that withered. What is a reasonable explanation for this occurrence? Group Sunlight Water Fertilizer 1 partial sun 4 mL/hr 1 2 full sun 7 mL/hr 1 3 no sun 14 mL/hr 2 4 partial sun 3 mL/hr 2

A. Insects gnawed away at the stem of the plant.
B. The roots rotted due to poor drainage.
C. The soil type had nutritional deficiencies.
D. This species of peas does not thrive in full sunlight.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Group 2, the only group that withered, was exposed to full sun. This suggests that the species of peas being studied does not thrive in full sunlight, leading to its deterioration compared to the other groups with different light exposures. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct explanations for the withering of Group 2. There is no mention of insects in the stem, poor drainage, or soil nutritional deficiencies in the scenario provided. The key factor that sets Group 2 apart from the others is the full sunlight exposure, indicating that the species of peas is not suited for such conditions.

3. How many grams of solid CaCO3 are needed to make 600 mL of a 35 M solution? The atomic masses for the elements are as follows: Ca = 40.1 g/mol; C = 12.01 g/mol; O = 16.00 g/mol.

A. 18.3 g
B. 19.7 g
C. 21.0 g
D. 24.2 g

Correct answer: B

Rationale: 1. First, calculate the molar mass of CaCO3 by adding the atomic masses of Ca, C, and 3 O atoms: 40.1 + 12.01 + (3 * 16.00) = 100.13 g/mol. 2. Calculate the number of moles in 600 mL of a 35 M solution: 600 mL * 35 mol/L = 21,000 mmol. 3. Convert moles to grams using the molar mass of CaCO3: 21,000 mmol * (100.13 g/mol / 1000 mmol/mol) = 2,102.73 g. 4. Therefore, you would need 19.7 g of solid CaCO3 to make 600 mL of a 35 M solution.

4. What is the control, if any, in this experiment?

A. There is no control in this experiment
B. The control is the water
C. The control is the diet soda
D. The control is the amount of sunlight provided to the plants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The control is the water.' In a scientific experiment, the control group is used as a baseline comparison to evaluate the effects of the variables being tested. Here, the water serves as the control group against which the effects of other substances like diet soda or different amounts of sunlight can be compared. Choice A is incorrect as every experiment should have a control group for comparison. Choice C and D are incorrect as they are not the standard control in this scenario.

5. After a person eats birthday cake, which of the following enzymes is needed to break down the sucrose in the cake?

A. Lactase
B. Maltase
C. Peptidase
D. Sucrase

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sucrase is the correct enzyme needed to break down sucrose into its component sugars, glucose, and fructose. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, maltase for maltose, and peptidase for proteins; therefore, they are not the enzymes required to digest sucrose specifically. In the context of digesting birthday cake, which contains sucrose, sucrase is the enzyme needed for this particular sugar.