Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a component of the genitourinary system?

• A. The kidneys
• B. The urethra
• C. The rectum
• D. The bladder

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The rectum is part of the digestive system, not the genitourinary system. The genitourinary system comprises organs involved in reproduction and urine formation and excretion, such as the kidneys, urethra, and bladder. Choices A, B, and D are all components of the genitourinary system. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, and the bladder stores urine before it is excreted.

2. How does kinetic energy change when the velocity of an object is doubled?

• A. Kinetic energy is halved
• B. Kinetic energy quadruples
• C. Kinetic energy doubles
• D. Kinetic energy remains the same

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the velocity of an object according to the kinetic energy formula (KE = 0.5 * m * v^2). When the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy increases by a factor of 2^2 = 4. Therefore, the kinetic energy quadruples when the velocity of an object is doubled. Choice A is incorrect because halving the kinetic energy would be the result if the velocity was halved, not doubled. Choice C is incorrect because doubling the velocity would result in a fourfold increase in kinetic energy, not just a double. Choice D is incorrect because kinetic energy is directly related to the velocity of an object, so if the velocity changes, the kinetic energy changes accordingly.

3. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates and protects the long extensions of some nerve cells. It is produced by:

• A. Schwann cells
• B. Astrocytes
• C. Neurons
• D. Oligodendrocytes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Schwann cells are indeed responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system. These cells wrap around axons to form the myelin sheath, which enhances the speed of nerve impulse conduction. In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing the myelin sheath. Astrocytes provide support and maintenance functions for neurons, while neurons are the nerve cells themselves and do not produce myelin. Therefore, the correct answer is Schwann cells as they are specifically involved in myelin production in the peripheral nervous system.

4. What is the function of ribosomes?

• A. Packaging and transporting proteins
• B. Storing genetic material
• C. Controlling cell division
• D. Synthesizing proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Synthesizing proteins. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilize the information to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process known as translation. Choice A, packaging and transporting proteins, is incorrect as this function is typically performed by the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. Choice B, storing genetic material, is incorrect as genetic material is usually stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA. Choice C, controlling cell division, is incorrect as this function is primarily regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

5. What is a recommended first step when generating ideas for a group presentation?

• A. Interview sources for your presentation.
• B. Brainstorm interesting topics and ideas.
• C. Develop an organized outline of the topic.
• D. Cite the sources in your presentation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Brainstorm interesting topics and ideas. Brainstorming is an essential initial step in the creative process of generating ideas for a group presentation. It allows team members to freely share thoughts, explore various angles, and come up with innovative concepts. Choice A, interviewing sources, typically comes after brainstorming to gather information. Choice C, developing an organized outline, usually follows brainstorming to structure the presentation content. Choice D, citing sources, is important but is not the first step in the idea generation process.

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