Nursing Elites

1. How do a scalar quantity and a vector quantity differ?

• A. A scalar quantity has both magnitude and direction, and a vector does not.
• B. A scalar quantity has direction only, and a vector has only magnitude.
• C. A vector has both magnitude and direction, and a scalar quantity has only magnitude.
• D. A vector has only direction, and a scalar quantity has only magnitude.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The main difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity lies in the presence of direction. A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction, while a scalar quantity has magnitude only, without any specified direction. Examples of scalar quantities include distance, speed, temperature, and energy, whereas examples of vector quantities include displacement, velocity, force, and acceleration. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they incorrectly describe the characteristics of scalar and vector quantities.

2. According to the Clausius inequality, for a cyclic process involving heat transfer between a system and its surroundings at a single constant temperature (T), the following inequality must hold true:

• A. There is no relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process.
• B. ∫ dQ/T ≥ 0
• C. ∫ Q/T = constant
• D. ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Clausius inequality states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature, the integral of heat transfer divided by temperature (∫ dQ/T) must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality reflects the irreversibility of natural processes. Choice A is incorrect as there is a direct relationship between heat transfer and temperature in the Clausius inequality. Choice B is incorrect because the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero, not greater than or equal to zero. Choice C is incorrect because the integral of Q/T is not a constant in a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature.

3. A rock has a volume of 6 cm3 and a mass of 24 g. What is its density?

• A. 4 g/cm3
• B. 4 cm3/g
• C. 144 g/cm3
• D. 144 cm3/g

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. In this case, the mass of the rock is 24 g and its volume is 6 cm3. By dividing 24 g by 6 cm3, we find that the density of the rock is 4 g/cm3. Choice A is the correct answer because density is expressed in units of mass per unit volume (g/cm3). Choice B is incorrect as it represents the reciprocal of density. Choices C and D are significantly higher values and do not match the calculated density of the rock.

4. A wave in a rope travels at 12 m/s and has a wavelength of 2 m. What is the frequency?

• A. 38.4 Hz
• B. 6 Hz
• C. 4.6 Hz
• D. 3.75 Hz

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The frequency of a wave is calculated using the formula: frequency = speed / wavelength. In this case, the speed of the wave is 12 m/s and the wavelength is 2 m. Therefore, the frequency is calculated as 12 m/s / 2 m = 6 Hz. Choice A (38.4 Hz), Choice C (4.6 Hz), and Choice D (3.75 Hz) are incorrect as they do not result from the correct calculation using the given values.

5. During adiabatic compression of a gas, what happens to its temperature?

• A. Remains constant
• B. Decreases
• C. Increases
• D. Becomes unpredictable without additional information

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During adiabatic compression, the gas's temperature increases. This is because no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, and all the work done on the gas results in an increase in internal energy. Choice A is incorrect because the temperature does not remain constant during adiabatic compression. Choice B is incorrect as the temperature does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as the behavior of the gas's temperature during adiabatic compression is predictable based on the principles of thermodynamics.

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