Nursing Elites

1. Differentiate between epithelial and connective tissue.

• A. Epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue supports tendons.
• B. Both are composed of cells, but epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue binds other tissues.
• C. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and connective tissue supports muscle contraction.
• D. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue type, while connective tissue is the smallest.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs, while connective tissue provides support and structure throughout the body. Both are composed of cells, but their functions and locations differ. Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues and organs, while connective tissue connects, supports, and separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. Choice A is incorrect as connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, not just tendons. Choice C is incorrect because connective tissue does not support muscle contraction; it provides support to various structures in the body. Choice D is incorrect as the size of a tissue type does not define its function; epithelial tissue and connective tissue serve different purposes in the body.

2. How many daughter cells are formed from one parent cell during meiosis?

• A. One
• B. Two
• C. Three
• D. Four

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During meiosis, one parent cell produces four genetically distinct daughter cells. This occurs through two rounds of cell division, resulting in four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Each daughter cell is genetically unique due to processes like crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis. Choice A is incorrect because meiosis results in multiple daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect because meiosis yields more daughter cells. Choice C is incorrect because meiosis produces four, not three, daughter cells.

3. Which of the following structures is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium?

• A. Aortic valve
• B. Pulmonary valve
• C. Tricuspid valve
• D. Mitral valve

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Mitral valve. The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Its primary function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. The other choices are incorrect because: A) The aortic valve prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. B) The pulmonary valve prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. C) The tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

4. Which valves are part of the heart?

• A. Tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic
• B. Aortic, pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid
• C. Aortic, pulmonary, Erb's point, tricuspid
• D. Aortic, pulmonic, Erb's point, tricuspid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct valves of the heart are the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral (bicuspid) valves. Choice B correctly lists the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves. Erb's point is not a valve but rather an auscultation point on the chest, making choices C and D incorrect.

5. Which of the following accurately describes the measurements?

• A. They are both accurate and precise.
• B. They are accurate but not precise.
• C. They are precise but not accurate.
• D. They are neither accurate nor precise.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value, while precision refers to how close individual measurements are to each other. If the measurements are accurate but not precise, it means they consistently hit the target value but may vary in terms of how closely grouped they are. Choice B, 'They are accurate but not precise,' correctly describes the scenario where the measurements are on target but not consistently close to each other. Choice A is incorrect because it implies both accuracy and precision, which is not the case here. Choice C is incorrect because it suggests precision without accuracy, while choice D is incorrect as it indicates neither accuracy nor precision, which is not a typical scenario for measurements.

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