Nursing Elites

1. Differentiate between epithelial and connective tissue.

• A. Epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue supports tendons.
• B. Both are composed of cells, but epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue binds other tissues.
• C. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and connective tissue supports muscle contraction.
• D. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue type, while connective tissue is the smallest.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs, while connective tissue provides support and structure throughout the body. Both are composed of cells, but their functions and locations differ. Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues and organs, while connective tissue connects, supports, and separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. Choice A is incorrect as connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, not just tendons. Choice C is incorrect because connective tissue does not support muscle contraction; it provides support to various structures in the body. Choice D is incorrect as the size of a tissue type does not define its function; epithelial tissue and connective tissue serve different purposes in the body.

2. Which of the following Mendelian laws describes how pairs of alleles within genes separate and recombine independently from other genes?

• A. law of segregation
• B. law of dominance
• C. law of independent assortment
• D. law of predictive traits

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The law of independent assortment describes how alleles of different genes segregate independently during gamete formation. This means that different gene pairs are passed on to offspring separately from one another, allowing for various combinations of traits. Gregor Mendel discovered this law, along with the law of segregation and the law of dominance, through his experiments with pea plants. The law of segregation (choice A) refers to how alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation, while the law of dominance (choice B) states that one allele can mask the presence of another in a heterozygous individual. The 'law of predictive traits' (choice D) is not a recognized Mendelian law and does not accurately describe the principles of genetic inheritance.

3. Which of the following terms refers to the degeneration of nerve tissue?

• A. Potentiation
• B. Demyelination
• C. Reuptake
• D. Neurogenesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Demyelination specifically refers to the degeneration of the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers. When demyelination occurs, nerve function and communication can be impaired. Potentiation involves the strengthening of synaptic connections, reuptake is the reabsorption process of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron, and neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons. Therefore, the correct term for the degeneration of nerve tissue among the options provided is demyelination.

4. Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange between the blood and inhaled air?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Alveoli
• D. Pharynx

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Alveoli. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the air we breathe in and the blood. The trachea, larynx, and pharynx are all part of the airway passage but do not directly participate in gas exchange. The trachea serves as the windpipe, the larynx is involved in sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing, and the pharynx helps with swallowing and speech production. Therefore, the alveoli specifically facilitate the critical gas exchange process, making them the correct answer in this context.

5. What is the medical term for an ingrown hair?

• A. Folliculitis
• B. Hirsutism
• C. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
• D. Alopecia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Folliculitis. Folliculitis is the medical term for the inflammation of hair follicles, which can be caused by ingrown hairs. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, pseudofolliculitis barbae is a condition where shaving causes ingrown hairs, and alopecia is hair loss. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to ingrown hairs.

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