Nursing Elites

1. Differentiate between epithelial and connective tissue.

• A. Epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue supports tendons.
• B. Both are composed of cells, but epithelial tissue lines surfaces and glands, while connective tissue binds other tissues.
• C. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and connective tissue supports muscle contraction.
• D. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue type, while connective tissue is the smallest.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs, while connective tissue provides support and structure throughout the body. Both are composed of cells, but their functions and locations differ. Epithelial tissue acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues and organs, while connective tissue connects, supports, and separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. Choice A is incorrect as connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, not just tendons. Choice C is incorrect because connective tissue does not support muscle contraction; it provides support to various structures in the body. Choice D is incorrect as the size of a tissue type does not define its function; epithelial tissue and connective tissue serve different purposes in the body.

2. Which of the following components is found in DNA?

• A. Uracil
• B. Deoxyribose
• C. Guanine
• D. Phosphate group

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deoxyribose. DNA is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). Deoxyribose is the sugar component specific to DNA, while ribose is found in RNA. Guanine (choice C) is a nitrogenous base present in both DNA and RNA. Uracil (choice A) is a nitrogenous base specific to RNA, replacing thymine found in DNA. The phosphate group (choice D) is an essential part of nucleotides in both DNA and RNA, providing the backbone structure for the nucleic acid chains.

3. What function do hydrophobic proteins often provide in the body?

• A. Digestive enzymes
• B. Provide structure
• C. Carry oxygen molecules
• D. Store energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrophobic proteins are known for their ability to repel water and are often involved in providing structural support in cells and tissues. They help maintain the structural integrity and shape of cell membranes, organelles, and other cellular components. Choice A, digestive enzymes, typically consist of hydrophilic proteins that interact with water and substrates to facilitate digestion. Choice C, carrying oxygen molecules, is a function commonly associated with specific proteins like hemoglobin. Choice D, storing energy, is usually performed by proteins like enzymes involved in energy storage and release, such as glycogen phosphorylase.

4. Which term refers to a position toward the head? Example: The hand is part of the superior extremity.

• A. Superior
• B. Inferior
• C. Medial
• D. Lateral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superior.' 'Superior' refers to a position toward the head, while 'inferior' is the term for a position toward the feet. In the given example, the hand belongs to the superior extremity, which includes structures closer to the head. 'Inferior' is incorrect as it refers to a position away from the head or toward the feet. 'Medial' describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.

5. What is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells?

• A. Cell wall
• B. Plasma membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Cytoplasm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cell wall, as it is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells. The cell wall is located outside the plasma membrane and is primarily composed of cellulose, giving it its rigid nature. The plasma membrane (option B) is a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus (option C) houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities. Cytoplasm (option D) is the gel-like substance within the cell that surrounds organelles and where various cellular processes take place, but it does not provide the rigid structure and support that the cell wall does.

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