Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to a condition called pernicious anemia, affecting vitamin B12 absorption in the digestive system?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the digestive system. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E deficiencies do not lead to pernicious anemia. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and skin issues, Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets or osteomalacia, and Vitamin E deficiency can result in neurological problems and muscle weakness.

2. Which of the following most accurately describes the author's main conclusion?

• A. Leif Erikson is a legendary Viking explorer.
• B. Leif Erikson deserves more credit for exploring America.
• C. Spreading Christianity motivated Leif's expeditions.
• D. Leif Erikson contacted the natives nearly five hundred years before Columbus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Leif Erikson deserves more credit for exploring America.' The author's main conclusion, as supported by the extract, is that Leif Erikson should receive more credit for his contributions in exploring the New World. Choice A is incorrect as it does not capture the essence of the author's conclusion, which is about recognizing Erikson's achievements rather than just labeling him as a legendary explorer. Choice C is incorrect because while Leif Erikson did convert to Christianity, the primary focus of the conclusion is on his exploration rather than his motivations. Choice D is incorrect as it only mentions one aspect of Erikson's achievements (contacting the natives) and does not encompass the broader idea of giving him more credit for his explorations.

3. Susan decided to celebrate getting her first nursing job by purchasing a new outfit. She bought a dress for $69.99, shoes for $39.99, and accessories for $34.67. What was the total cost of Susan’s outfit?

• A. $69.99
• B. $75.31
• C. $109.98
• D. $144.65

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To find the total cost of Susan's outfit, you need to add the prices of the dress, shoes, and accessories. $69.99 (dress) + $39.99 (shoes) + $34.67 (accessories) = $144.65. Therefore, the correct answer is $144.65. Option A ($69.99) is incorrect as it only represents the price of the dress. Option B ($75.31) is incorrect as it does not account for the total cost. Option C ($109.98) is incorrect as it does not include the individual prices of all items purchased.

4. A researcher wants to conduct qualitative research. Which method should they use?

• A. Collecting patient narratives
• B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient
• C. Observing a patient's physical changes
• D. Writing journal notes about the research experience

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to explore experiences, behaviors, or perspectives. Collecting patient narratives aligns with qualitative research as it involves capturing detailed accounts of individuals' experiences or viewpoints. Choices B, C, and D involve more quantitative approaches by focusing on measurable quantities, observations, or structured note-taking, which are not characteristic of qualitative research methods.

5. What is the function of ribosomes?

• A. Packaging and transporting proteins
• B. Storing genetic material
• C. Controlling cell division
• D. Synthesizing proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Synthesizing proteins. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilize the information to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process known as translation. Choice A, packaging and transporting proteins, is incorrect as this function is typically performed by the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. Choice B, storing genetic material, is incorrect as genetic material is usually stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA. Choice C, controlling cell division, is incorrect as this function is primarily regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

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