Nursing Elites

1. Chromatids divide into identical chromosomes and migrate to opposite ends of the cell in which of the following phases of mitosis?

• A. metaphase
• B. anaphase
• C. prophase
• D. telophase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids detach from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the cell. This process ensures that each daughter cell ultimately receives an identical set of chromosomes, as the chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes again. This is a crucial step in ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material during cell division. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equator but do not separate yet. Prophase is the phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Telophase is the final phase where the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes.

2. Which of the following lists the structures found beneath the rib in descending order?

• A. Nerve → Artery → Vein
• B. Vein → Nerve → Artery
• C. Vein → Artery → Nerve
• D. Artery → Nerve → Vein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of structures found beneath the rib in descending order is Vein → Artery → Nerve. This sequence is important to remember for medical procedures like inserting a chest tube to ensure precision and avoid complications. Choice A is incorrect because the nerve is not typically the structure closest to the rib. Choice B is incorrect as the vein is usually closer to the rib than the nerve. Choice D is incorrect as the artery is usually closer to the rib than the nerve.

3. Find the lowest coefficients that will balance the following combustion equation: __C H + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O

• A. 1:5:5:2
• B. 4:10:20:8
• C. 2:9:10:4
• D. 2:5:10:4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To balance the combustion equation CxHy + O2 → xCO2 + y/2 H2O, we need to balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms. The balanced equation for the given combustion is: 2C H4 + 9O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O. This means that the correct coefficients are 2:9:10:4, which corresponds to choice C. Choice A (1:5:5:2) does not balance the equation correctly, choice B (4:10:20:8) has excessive oxygen and does not balance the equation, and choice D (2:5:10:4) does not provide the correct ratio of oxygen to balance the equation.

4. Which type of joint allows for the most movement?

• A. Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• B. Hinge joint (elbow)
• C. Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists)
• D. Suture joint (skull)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A ball-and-socket joint allows for the most movement among the options provided. This type of joint is characterized by a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. The shoulder joint is a prime example of a ball-and-socket joint, enabling movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. In contrast, a hinge joint (option B) like the elbow primarily allows for movement in one plane (flexion and extension). Fibrocartilaginous joints (option C) like the wrists have limited movement due to the presence of cartilage between the bones. Suture joints (option D) in the skull are immovable joints that provide structural support but do not allow for significant movement.

5. Who is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission?

• A. Marie Curie
• B. Albert Einstein
• C. Enrico Fermi
• D. Ernest Rutherford

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Enrico Fermi is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1934, Fermi bombarded uranium with neutrons, leading to the splitting of the uranium nucleus and the release of energy. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for the development of nuclear power and weapons. Marie Curie is known for her pioneering research on radioactivity, but she did not discover nuclear fission. Albert Einstein made significant contributions to physics, including the theory of relativity, but he was not credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. Ernest Rutherford conducted the famous gold foil experiment and made contributions to the understanding of the atom's structure, but he did not discover nuclear fission.

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