Nursing Elites

1. Which two bases are purines?

• A. Adenine (A)
• B. Cytosine (C)
• C. Thymine (T)
• D. Guanine (G)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the two bases that are purines. Purines are characterized by a double-ring structure containing two carbon rings, distinguishing them from pyrimidines. Adenine and guanine are purines because they possess this unique double-ring structure. Therefore, choices A and D, adenine and guanine, respectively, are the correct answers. Choices B and C, cytosine and thymine, are pyrimidines and do not exhibit the double-ring structure characteristic of purines.

2. Convert 2 teaspoons to milliliters.

• A. 4.3 milliliters
• B. 9 milliliters
• C. 9.86 milliliters
• D. 4 milliliters

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To convert teaspoons to milliliters, we use the conversion factor of 1 teaspoon = approximately 4.93 milliliters. Multiplying 2 teaspoons by 4.93 gives us 9.86 milliliters. Therefore, the correct answer is 9.86 milliliters. Choice A (4.3 milliliters) is incorrect as it doesn't align with the conversion factor. Choice B (9 milliliters) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the precise conversion factor. Choice D (4 milliliters) is incorrect as it doesn't account for the accurate conversion from teaspoons to milliliters.

3. Round to the nearest whole number. Change the fraction to a percent: 17/80 =

• A. 20%
• B. 21%
• C. 22%
• D. 23%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To convert 17/80 to a percent, we divide 17 by 80 to get 0.2125. Multiplying by 100, we get 21.25%. Rounding to the nearest whole number, 21.25% becomes 21%. Choice A (20%) is incorrect because rounding 21.25% down to the nearest whole number gives 21%. Choice C (22%) is incorrect as it is the next whole number after 21. Choice D (23%) is incorrect as it is more than 21.25% and thus rounds up to 22%.

4. When directions are convoluted, what is wrong with them?

• A. They are erroneous.
• B. They are incomplete.
• C. They are confusing.
• D. They are unethical.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When directions are convoluted, it means they are intricate, complex, and difficult to understand. This leads to confusion on the part of the recipient trying to follow them. Choice A, 'They are erroneous,' suggests that the directions are incorrect, which might not always be the case. Choice B, 'They are incomplete,' implies that something essential is missing from the directions, which might not be the primary issue with convoluted directions. Choice D, 'They are unethical,' is unrelated to the clarity or complexity of the directions, making it an incorrect choice.

5. Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?

• A. The nervous system
• B. The integumentary system
• C. The lymphatic system
• D. The urinary system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The integumentary system. The integumentary system, which includes the skin, is primarily responsible for preventing water loss from the body. The skin acts as a barrier that helps regulate moisture and prevent excessive water loss through a process known as transepidermal water loss. The nervous system (choice A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, the lymphatic system (choice C) is responsible for the immune response and fluid balance, and the urinary system (choice D) is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, but they do not primarily prevent water loss like the integumentary system.

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