Nursing Elites

1. Choose the best summary of the passage about Sunny-Side Up.

• A. Light-skinned people need a maximum of 15 minutes a day in direct sunlight to achieve the benefits of the sun’s rays.
• B. Spending too much time indoors can wreak havoc with your circadian rhythms, leach vitamin D from your bones, and damage your immune system.
• C. Although negative effects of sunlight are well known, people should be aware that some sunlight is necessary and beneficial.
• D. You can avoid direct sunlight but still reap the benefits of a day in the sun by using sunscreen or tinted glass.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best summary captures the essence of the passage, which acknowledges the well-known negative effects of sunlight while also emphasizing the necessity and benefits of sunlight exposure. C accurately reflects this balanced view, making it the most appropriate choice.

2. Why is an unwanted gift called a white elephant?

• A. It is a good gift to give at the party
• B. Gifts are never unwanted
• C. Siam's rulers punished with the gift
• D. It is rare to get an unwanted gift

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'white elephant' originated from the practice of the kings of Siam (now Thailand) giving rare and sacred white elephants as gifts. These white elephants were highly prestigious but also very expensive to maintain, causing financial burdens on the recipients. The kings of Siam used white elephants as a punishment for those who displeased them. The recipients were required to care for the white elephant in a grand style, resulting in financial liabilities that could make them impoverished. Over time, the term 'white elephant' evolved to describe any valuable item that is burdensome or unwanted. Therefore, choice C is correct. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately explain the origin and meaning of the term 'white elephant' in the context of unwanted gifts.

3. As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term 'concomitant' means?

• A. Accompanying
• B. Quiet
• C. Frustrated
• D. Prefer low-pitched tones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the provided extract, the term 'concomitant' is used to describe problems associated with alcohol abuse, such as the individual becoming alcoholic, contribution to highway deaths by drunken drivers, and spousal and child abuse. Therefore, in this context, 'concomitant' means accompanying, or going along with something else. The other choices of 'Quiet,' 'Frustrated,' and 'Prefer low-pitched tones' do not align with the meaning of 'concomitant' as used in the paragraph.

4. What is the best summary of the passage?

• A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart. Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
• B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The ECG measures and records these electric currents.
• C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the 'wave of excitation' occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
• D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are detected on the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct summary of the passage is option C. The passage explains how the ECG systematically measures and records the 'wave of excitation' that occurs within the heart in three distinct steps, spreading from the SA node to the AV node. This summary effectively captures the main focus of the passage. Option A is incorrect because it only mentions the detection of electric currents in the body and recognizing abnormalities by medical staff, missing the key information about the 'wave of excitation' and its stages. Option B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the measurement and recording of unique electric currents on the body's surface, neglecting the specific process described in the passage. Option D is also incorrect as it provides a general description of how the ECG measures electric currents without emphasizing the specific stages of the 'wave of excitation' as detailed in the passage.

5. What conclusion can the reader draw after reading the passage about The Sleep Workout?

• A. Getting uninterrupted sleep is more important than getting enough sleep.
• B. Insufficient sleep may result in an increased risk for obesity.
• C. Human growth hormone is not essential for muscle development.
• D. Leptin is essential for building muscle.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the passage highlights that insufficient sleep could lead to an increased risk of obesity. The passage emphasizes the importance of uninterrupted sleep in muscle development and mentions that inadequate sleep is linked to lowered levels of leptin, a hormone that controls appetite. This imbalance in leptin due to lack of sleep can lead to increased cravings for carbohydrates, contributing to obesity. Choice A is incorrect as the passage stresses the significance of both uninterrupted sleep and getting enough sleep for muscle growth. Choice C is incorrect because the passage clearly states that human growth hormone (HGH) is essential for muscle development. Choice D is incorrect as leptin is not essential for building muscle but is mentioned in the passage as a hormone related to controlling appetite and its link to inadequate sleep and obesity.

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