Nursing Elites

1. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Elements within the same group share similar electron configurations in their outermost shells, resulting in comparable chemical properties. Helium and Neon both belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases), explaining their similarities. Boron, Carbon, and Oxygen are not in the same group as Helium on the periodic table. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16, which are different from Helium's Group 18.

2. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. Maintain body temperature
• B. Deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide
• C. Produce antibodies for the immune system
• D. Break down food molecules for energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide. This process occurs through breathing, where oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and then transferred to the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled out of the body. Maintaining body temperature (A), producing antibodies for the immune system (C), and breaking down food molecules for energy (D) are functions of other systems in the body, not the respiratory system. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3. What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Kidney failure
• C. Incontinence
• D. Nephritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.

4. Which process involves the body's natural defense against inhaled dust and allergens?

• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Gas exchange
• C. Ciliary action
• D. Bronchoconstriction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ciliary action refers to the process where tiny hair-like structures called cilia in the respiratory tract help to sweep away inhaled dust and allergens, preventing them from entering deeper into the lungs. This is a crucial part of the body's natural defense mechanism against respiratory irritants. Cellular respiration (A) is the process where cells use oxygen to produce energy, not a defense mechanism against inhaled particles. Gas exchange (B) involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, not specifically targeting inhaled dust and allergens. Bronchoconstriction (D) is the narrowing of the airways in response to irritants or allergens, which can lead to breathing difficulties, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against these particles.

5. Where is fat primarily digested, and where is protein primarily digested?

• A. Mouth; stomach
• B. Stomach; small intestine
• C. Small intestine; small intestine
• D. Small intestine; stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine, where bile from the liver emulsifies fats for enzymatic digestion. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs. Proteins, on the other hand, are mainly digested in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin under acidic conditions. The stomach's acidic environment helps denature proteins, making them more accessible to pepsin for digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the primary sites of fat and protein digestion in the human digestive system.

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