antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of
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Nursing Elites

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS Test 7 science

1. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a classic example of microevolution (option C). Microevolution refers to changes in allele frequencies within a population over a relatively short period of time. In the case of antibiotic resistance, bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics through the natural selection of pre-existing resistant strains. This process does not involve the formation of new species or higher taxonomic groups, which are associated with macroevolution (option D). Convergent evolution (option A) involves different species independently evolving similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures, which is not the case with antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Divergent evolution (option B) refers to related species becoming more dissimilar over time, which also does not apply to the scenario of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

2. Which type of immunity does the MMR vaccine provide?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Artificial/active. The MMR vaccine provides artificial/active immunity. It works by introducing a weakened or killed form of the virus to trigger the body's immune response, leading to the production of antibodies that offer long-lasting protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. Artificial immunity is obtained through medical intervention, such as vaccination, while active immunity involves the immune system's direct response to an antigen. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the MMR vaccine does not provide passive immunity nor is it acquired naturally; instead, it stimulates the body to actively produce its immune response.

3. Which of the following layers of the skin does not contain blood vessels?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels. It receives nutrients through diffusion from the underlying dermis. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis and contains blood vessels. The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. 'Hyperdermis' is not a correct anatomical term and is not a layer of the skin, making it an incorrect choice for this question.

4. Which of the following is a pair of nerves that originates from the brain?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The olfactory nerves, choice B, are a pair of cranial nerves that originate from the brain. They are responsible for the sense of smell and are the only cranial nerves that directly connect to the cerebrum. Spinal nerves, choice A, originate from the spinal cord, the sciatic nerve, choice C, is a large nerve that originates in the lower back, and the optic nerve, choice D, originates from the retina of the eye. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not originate directly from the brain.

5. During inhalation, which muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation. When it contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a pressure gradient that allows air to flow into the lungs. While the intercostal muscles also play a role in expanding the chest cavity during inhalation, the diaphragm is the main muscle involved in this process. Abdominal muscles and pectoral muscles are not directly involved in the process of inhalation.

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