Nursing Elites

1. Alpha waves, characteristic of quiet wakefulness and relaxation, have a frequency range of:

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Alpha waves are neural oscillations in the frequency range of 8-13 Hz, which are typically associated with a state of quiet wakefulness and relaxation. Option C, 8-13 Hz, is the correct frequency range for alpha waves. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not fall within the specific frequency range characteristic of alpha waves.

2. Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation, sleep, and appetite?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Dopamine
• C. Serotonin
• D. GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite. It helps regulate emotions, mood, and behavior. Imbalances in serotonin levels have been associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Choice A, Acetylcholine, is primarily involved in muscle control and memory functions. Choice B, Dopamine, is associated with reward, motivation, and motor control. Choice D, GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid), is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps reduce neuronal excitability and is not directly linked to mood regulation, sleep, or appetite.

3. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be...

• A. 0
• B. Less than 1
• C. 1
• D. More than 1

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The van't Hoff factor (i) represents the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be more than 1 because it breaks apart into more particles than the original compound. This is due to complete dissociation leading to an increase in the number of particles in solution, resulting in i being greater than 1. Choice A is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 0. Choice B is incorrect because when a compound dissociates completely, the van't Hoff factor is not less than 1. Choice C is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 1, but rather more than 1 due to the increased number of particles in solution.

4. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

• A. Left atrium
• B. Right atrium
• C. Left ventricle
• D. Right ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, which is then pumped into the left ventricle and out to the rest of the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle to be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.

5. An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?

• A. 14
• B. 6
• C. 8
• D. 12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by the atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. The electron configuration given corresponds to carbon (C) with 6 protons. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus, so in this case, the atom has 6 protons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the correct number of protons for an atom with the given electron configuration and mass number. Therefore, option B, 6 protons, is the correct answer.

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