Nursing Elites

1. A 10-kg object moving at 5 m/s has an impulse acted on it causing the velocity to change to 15 m/s. What was the impulse that was applied to the object?

• A. 10 kgâ‹…m/s
• B. 15 kgâ‹…m/s
• C. 20 kgâ‹…m/s
• D. 100 kgâ‹…m/s

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. The initial momentum is calculated as 10 kg × 5 m/s = 50 kg⋅m/s, and the final momentum is 10 kg × 15 m/s = 150 kg⋅m/s. The change in momentum (impulse) is 150 kg⋅m/s - 50 kg⋅m/s = 100 kg⋅m/s. Therefore, the impulse applied to the object is 100 kg⋅m/s. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation of the impulse based on the change in momentum of the object.

2. According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, two systems are in thermal equilibrium if:

• A. They have the same pressure.
• B. They have the same volume.
• C. They have the same temperature.
• D. They are made of the same material.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "They have the same temperature." The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This implies that they have the same temperature. Choice A is incorrect because pressure is not the determining factor for thermal equilibrium. Choice B is incorrect because volume alone does not dictate thermal equilibrium. Choice D is incorrect as the materials the systems are made of do not determine thermal equilibrium according to the zeroth law of thermodynamics.

3. A common example of a shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) fluid is:

• A. Water
• B. Ketchup
• C. Air
• D. Alcohol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ketchup. Shear-thinning fluids become less viscous under stress. Ketchup is an example of a shear-thinning fluid because its viscosity decreases when it is shaken or squeezed, allowing it to flow more easily. Choice A, Water, is a Newtonian fluid with a constant viscosity regardless of stress. Choice C, Air, is also a Newtonian fluid. Choice D, Alcohol, does not exhibit shear-thinning behavior; it typically has a constant viscosity as well.

4. An object with a charge of 3 μC is placed 30 cm from another object with a charge of 2 μC. What is the magnitude of the resulting force between the objects?

• A. 0.6 N
• B. 0.18 N
• C. 180 N
• D. 9 × 10−12 N

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find the magnitude of the resulting force between two charges, we use Coulomb's Law: F = k × (|q1 × q2|) / r² Where: F is the force k is Coulomb’s constant (8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²) q1 and q2 are the charges r is the distance between the charges Plugging in the values: F = (8.99 × 10⁹) × (3 × 10⁻⁶) × (2 × 10⁻⁶) / (0.3)² = 0.18 N. Therefore, the magnitude of the resulting force is 0.18 N.

5. In a static fluid, pressure (P) at a depth (h) is governed by the hydrostatic equation:

• A. P = ρgh
• B. P = γh
• C. P = μgh
• D. P = bh

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct formula for the pressure at a certain depth in a fluid according to the hydrostatic equation is P = ρgh. Here, ρ represents the fluid's density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and h is the depth. This formula shows that pressure increases linearly with the density of the fluid, the acceleration due to gravity, and the depth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the relationship between pressure, density, gravitational acceleration, and depth in a static fluid.

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