which word names an infected swelling with liquid inside

HESI A2

Vocabulary HESI A2

1. Which word names an infected swelling with liquid inside?

A. Blast
B. Gash
C. Hive
D. Boil

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A boil is an infected swelling on the skin filled with pus, which is a type of liquid. It is typically caused by a bacterial infection in a hair follicle or oil gland. The other options, blast, gash, and hive, do not specifically describe an infected swelling with liquid inside like a boil does. A 'blast' is a sudden strong movement or gust, 'gash' refers to a long, deep cut or wound, and 'hive' is a skin reaction characterized by itchy welts.

2. The electrolytes in human bodies include sodium, potassium, calcium, and ___________, among others.

A. magnesium
B. manganese
C. magnetite
D. manganite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Magnesium is another essential electrolyte in the human body, along with sodium, potassium, and calcium. Magnesium plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, regulating blood pressure, and supporting the immune system. Manganese (Choice B), magnetite (Choice C), and manganite (Choice D) are not electrolytes found in the human body. Manganese is a mineral but not an electrolyte, while magnetite and manganite are compounds and not essential electrolytes for bodily functions.

3. What is the best description of the word 'insidious'?

A. stealthy
B. deadly
C. collapsed
D. new

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'stealthy.' 'Insidious' is often used to describe something that proceeds in a gradual, subtle, but harmful way. It is not directly or openly harmful like 'deadly,' nor does it mean 'collapsed' or 'new.' Therefore, 'stealthy' best captures the meaning of 'insidious.'

4. Which term best describes a synthetic drug?

A. man-made
B. phony
C. atypical
D. futile

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A synthetic drug is one that is artificially created in a laboratory setting rather than occurring naturally. The term 'man-made' accurately describes this process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. 'Phony' means fake or fraudulent, not specifically related to synthetic drugs. 'Atypical' means unusual or not typical, which doesn't directly relate to how synthetic drugs are made. 'Futile' means pointless or ineffective, which is not a characteristic of synthetic drugs.

5. What does the word 'pernicious,' commonly used to describe a harmful effect, mean?

A. Valued
B. Destructive
C. Finicky
D. Perpetual

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Destructive.' 'Pernicious' is used to describe something having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. The other choices are incorrect because 'Valued' means considered important or cherished, 'Finicky' means overly particular or fussy, and 'Perpetual' means continuing indefinitely or recurring.