Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, aiding in the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, supporting bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is crucial for collagen synthesis and immune function but is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice D) plays a role in blood clotting and bone health, but it is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.

2. Which cellular structure is responsible for producing energy?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Ribosome
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for producing energy in the cell through a process called cellular respiration. They are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell due to their role in generating ATP, the cell's energy currency. The nucleus is not involved in energy production but houses the cell's genetic material. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion, not energy production.

3. Which system does the gall bladder belong to?

• A. endocrine system
• B. urinary system
• C. digestive system
• D. nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder is part of the digestive system. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver and release it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. This process facilitates the breakdown and absorption of fats from the food we consume. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the gall bladder is not associated with the endocrine, urinary, or nervous systems.

4. What is the most visible part of the ear called?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Pinna
• C. Ear canal
• D. Organ of Corti

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. It is responsible for capturing sound waves and directing them into the ear canal, where the process of hearing begins. The other structures mentioned, such as the cochlea, ear canal, and organ of Corti, play crucial roles in the auditory system but are not the most visible parts of the ear. The cochlea is a spiral-shaped cavity responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals. The ear canal is a tube that connects the outer ear to the eardrum. The organ of Corti is the actual sensory organ of hearing located in the cochlea.

5. What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To break down food
• D. To absorb water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb nutrients. The small intestine's main role in the digestive system is to absorb nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures, such as villi and microvilli, that increase its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the small intestine does not primarily secrete digestive enzymes; that role is mainly carried out by the pancreas and other digestive organs. Choice C is incorrect because the small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients rather than breaking down food. Choice D is incorrect because the absorption of water primarily occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine.

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