Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To maintain fluid balance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine, which is then excreted from the body. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment by regulating the balance of electrolytes, fluid levels, and eliminating metabolic waste products. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the kidneys do produce urine, regulate blood pressure, and maintain fluid balance, their primary function within the urinary system is the filtration of waste from the blood.

2. What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

• A. To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
• B. To produce white blood cells
• C. To store lymphocytes
• D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The spleen plays a crucial role in the immune system by filtering blood, specifically removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also stores lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that help fight infections. While the spleen does not produce white blood cells or antibodies, its main functions lie in blood filtration and storage of immune cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because the spleen does not produce white blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the spleen stores lymphocytes but does not primarily function to do so. Choice D is incorrect because the spleen does not produce antibodies.

3. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Parietal lobe
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Temporal lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The parietal lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory information from various parts of the body, allowing an individual to perceive and respond to different stimuli. Functions like spatial awareness and perception of the body's position in space are also associated with the parietal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for functions like decision-making and personality. The occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, and the temporal lobe plays a role in memory and auditory processing.

4. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

• A. Regulating blood pressure
• B. Filtering blood to remove waste
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Regulating electrolyte balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, which are then excreted as urine. Kidneys act as a filtration system, removing waste like urea, excess salts, and toxins. While the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure by secreting renin and maintaining electrolyte balance by adjusting the levels of sodium, potassium, and other ions in the blood, their main and essential function is filtration and waste removal, making choice B the correct answer.

5. Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, which is vital for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it an essential vitamin for overall bone health. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice C) is essential for blood clotting, while Vitamin C (Choice D) is known for its role in collagen production and antioxidant properties, but not directly related to calcium absorption.

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