Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin is essential for proper absorption of calcium and plays a role in lung function?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for the proper absorption of calcium in the intestines and is essential for maintaining lung function. It regulates calcium and phosphorus levels, crucial for healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production, not related to calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, but it is not directly involved in calcium absorption or lung function.

2. What are the key differences between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

• A. Animal cells utilize an actomyosin ring for cleavage furrow formation, while plant cells lack this mechanism.
• B. Plant cells rely on the assembly of a cell plate in the center of the dividing cell, ultimately separating the cytoplasm.
• C. Cytokinesis in both plant and animal cells is driven by the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum.
• D. Both types of cells achieve cytokinesis through similar membrane pinching and constriction mechanisms.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Animal cells utilize an actomyosin ring for cleavage furrow formation, while plant cells lack this mechanism. - This statement is true. Animal cells use an actomyosin ring to form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, while plant cells do not have this mechanism. Instead, plant cells form a cell plate. B) Plant cells rely on the assembly of a cell plate in the center of the dividing cell, ultimately separating the cytoplasm. - This statement is correct. Plant cells form a cell plate in the middle of the dividing cell during cytokinesis. The cell plate eventually develops into a new cell wall that separates the two daughter cells. C) Cytokinesis in both plant and animal cells is driven by the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum. - This

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• A. Synthesis of lipids (fats)
• B. Transport of materials within the cell
• C. Detoxification of harmful substances
• D. Breakdown of cellular waste products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not involved in the breakdown of cellular waste products; this function is primarily carried out by lysosomes. The ER is responsible for the synthesis of lipids (fats), transport of materials within the cell, and detoxification of harmful substances. Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste products through processes like autophagy. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the known functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.

4. What is the ethical concern surrounding genetic engineering?

• A. Risk of introducing new diseases
• B. Potential for misuse and discrimination
• C. Unforeseen consequences on ecosystems
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Risk of introducing new diseases: Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, which can potentially lead to the creation of new diseases or the spread of existing ones in unintended ways. This risk raises ethical concerns about the potential harm to human health and the environment. B) Potential for misuse and discrimination: Genetic engineering technologies can be misused for purposes such as creating biological weapons or enhancing certain traits in individuals, leading to discrimination based on genetic makeup. This raises ethical concerns about fairness, justice, and the potential for societal harm. C) Unforeseen consequences on ecosystems: Genetic engineering can have unintended consequences on ecosystems, such as disrupting natural balances or harming biodiversity. These unforeseen impacts raise ethical concerns about the responsibility of scientists and policymakers to consider the long-term effects of genetic modifications on the environment. Therefore, the correct answer is D because all the options present valid ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering.

5. Photons, the basic unit of light, are:

• A. Charged particles
• B. Packets of energy with wave-particle duality
• C. Electromagnetic waves only
• D. Always absorbed by matter

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Photons are not charged particles; they are packets of energy that exhibit wave-particle duality, meaning they can behave as both particles and waves. While photons are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they are not electromagnetic waves themselves but rather discrete energy packets. They are not always absorbed by matter; they can be reflected, transmitted, or scattered.

Similar Questions