Nursing Elites

1. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is characterized by voluntary control, meaning it is under conscious control. It is responsible for body movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found in the heart, while smooth muscle is also involuntary and found in organs like the intestines. Connective tissue is not a type of muscle but rather a type of tissue that provides support and structure in the body.

2. Which muscle has involuntary cells that are branched and striated and connected by intercalated discs with gap junctions?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Epithelial muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle cells fit the description provided in the question; they are involuntary, striated, and branched, with intercalated discs containing gap junctions that allow for synchronized contractions of the heart. Smooth muscle (choice A) lacks striations and is found in the walls of internal organs. Skeletal muscle (choice C) is voluntary and attaches to bones for movement. 'Epithelial muscle' (choice D) is not a valid muscle type, making it an incorrect choice.

3. Which of the following statements is true about the immune system?

• A. The immune system is controlled by the hypothalamus.
• B. The immune system filters toxins out of the blood.
• C. The immune system stimulates the production of blood cells in response to infections.
• D. The immune system helps the body avoid, detect, and eliminate infections.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The immune system's primary function is to help the body avoid, detect, and eliminate infections. It does so by recognizing and responding to harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, to maintain the body's health and well-being. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the immune system is not controlled by the hypothalamus, its main role is not to filter toxins out of the blood, and while it can stimulate the production of certain immune cells, it does not directly stimulate the production of blood cells in response to infections.

4. Which of the following is a functional group commonly found in alcohols?

• A. Carbonyl
• B. Hydroxyl
• C. Amine
• D. Ester

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The hydroxyl functional group (OH) is commonly found in alcohols, giving them their characteristic properties. Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom. The other choices, carbonyl, amine, and ester, are associated with different functional groups commonly found in other types of organic compounds. Carbonyl groups consist of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. Amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms. Esters consist of a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxyl group. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Hydroxyl (B),' as it specifically relates to the functional group present in alcohols, distinguishing it from the other options.

5. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. This occurs when the fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies in other locations such as the ovary, cervix, or vagina are much rarer. The fallopian tube is the correct answer because it is the site where the fertilized egg may get stuck during its journey to the uterus, leading to implantation and growth outside the uterus. The ovary is not a common site for ectopic pregnancy, and implantation there can be life-threatening due to the risk of severe bleeding. The cervix and vagina are not typical sites for implantation of a fertilized egg, making them less likely locations for an ectopic pregnancy.

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