Nursing Elites

1. Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary control and is responsible for body movement?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is characterized by voluntary control, meaning it is under conscious control. It is responsible for body movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found in the heart, while smooth muscle is also involuntary and found in organs like the intestines. Connective tissue is not a type of muscle but rather a type of tissue that provides support and structure in the body.

2. Which type of cell is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

• A. Nerve cell
• B. Muscle cell
• C. Skin cell
• D. Red blood cell

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are specifically designed to carry oxygen throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues and organs in the body. Nerve cells, muscle cells, and skin cells do not have the specialized function of carrying oxygen like red blood cells do. Nerve cells transmit electrical signals, muscle cells are involved in movement, and skin cells provide a protective barrier and regulate body temperature. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of carrying oxygen throughout the body.

3. Where does most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients occur?

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for both chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system. The lining of the small intestine is equipped with villi and microvilli, which significantly increase the surface area available for absorption. Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver play crucial roles in further breaking down food into absorbable molecules that can pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. While the stomach assists in mechanical breakdown and initial protein digestion, it is not the main site of nutrient absorption. The large intestine, on the other hand, mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food particles. The mouth aids in initial mechanical breakdown and some carbohydrate digestion, but the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, making it the correct answer.

4. Which organelle is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The nucleus is the organelle responsible for controlling the activities of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and serves as the command center of the cell, regulating gene expression and directing cellular activities. The nucleus plays a crucial role in cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction. While the Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, none of these organelles have the primary function of controlling the activities of the cell like the nucleus does. Therefore, the correct answer is the nucleus.

5. What is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning?

• A. Brainstem
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The cerebrum is the correct answer. It is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher functions like thinking, memory, and learning. The brainstem (option A) is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not higher cognitive functions. The cerebellum (option B) is responsible for coordination and balance, not higher cognitive functions. The thalamus (option D) acts as a relay station for sensory information, but it is not the largest part of the brain nor responsible for higher cognitive functions.

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