Nursing Elites

1. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

• A. Hinge joint
• B. Ball-and-socket joint
• C. Pivot joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball-and-socket joint. The ball-and-socket joint, like the shoulder joint, allows for the greatest range of motion due to its structure, enabling movement in multiple directions. In contrast, hinge joints, pivot joints, and saddle joints have more restricted ranges of motion compared to ball-and-socket joints. Hinge joints primarily allow movement in one plane, pivot joints allow rotation around a central axis, and saddle joints have limited movement compared to ball-and-socket joints.

2. What correction should the student make to the hypothesis: Lengthening the string of the pendulum increases the time it takes the ball to make one complete period?

• A. Turn it into an 'if-then' statement.
• B. Change 'will increase' to 'increases.'
• C. Switch the order of the sentence so that the phrase about the period comes first.
• D. No corrections are needed.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A hypothesis should be structured as an 'if-then' statement for clarity. This format helps to clearly establish the relationship between the variables and the expected outcome. In this case, the student should frame the hypothesis in a way that if a specific action is taken (lengthening the string), then a specific outcome is expected (increasing the time it takes for the ball to make one complete period). 'If-then' statements are fundamental in hypothesis construction as they clearly define the cause and effect relationship being tested. Choice B is incorrect because changing 'will increase' to 'increases' does not address the structural issue of the hypothesis. Choice C is incorrect as switching the order of the sentence does not fundamentally alter the clarity of the hypothesis. Choice D is incorrect as the hypothesis structure can be improved for better understanding and testing, making correction necessary.

3. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients throughout the body?

• A. Respiratory
• B. Digestive
• C. Circulatory
• D. Nervous

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels, delivering essential nutrients to cells and tissues. This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, working together to ensure the proper distribution of nutrients and removal of waste products. Choice A, the respiratory system, is responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and not primarily involved in nutrient transportation. Choice B, the digestive system, is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients but does not transport nutrients throughout the body. Choice D, the nervous system, controls and coordinates body functions through electrical signals and is not directly involved in nutrient transportation.

4. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Mitosis produces haploid cells, while meiosis produces diploid cells
• B. Mitosis involves crossing over, while meiosis does not.
• C. Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two
• D. Mitosis is responsible for sexual reproduction, while meiosis is responsible for asexual reproduction.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: - Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, mitosis results in two daughter cells. - Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction. - Option A is incorrect because mitosis produces diploid cells (cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell), while meiosis produces haploid cells (cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell). - Option B is incorrect because crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurs during meiosis and not during mitosis. - Option D is incorrect because mitosis is not responsible for sexual reproduction; it is a process of asexual reproduction and

5. Which condition involves an overactive immune system attacking healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage?

• A. Immunodeficiency
• B. Autoimmune disease
• C. Allergy
• D. Cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and damage. This is different from immunodeficiency, where the immune system is weakened and unable to effectively protect the body against infections. Allergies involve an exaggerated immune response to harmless substances, while cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Therefore, the correct answer is autoimmune disease (Choice B) as it specifically describes the scenario of an overactive immune system attacking healthy tissues, distinguishing it from the other conditions listed.

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