Nursing Elites

1. Which respiratory structure is responsible for the production of mucus to trap particles and for the movement of cilia to sweep mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Bronchi
• D. Respiratory epithelium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The respiratory epithelium is the correct answer because it is the tissue lining the respiratory tract responsible for producing mucus to trap particles and containing cilia that sweep the mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract. The trachea, larynx, and bronchi are all structures within the respiratory system but do not specifically carry out the functions described in the question. The trachea is a passage for air, the larynx is involved in sound production and protecting the airway, and the bronchi are airway passages that branch from the trachea to the lungs. Only the respiratory epithelium fits the description of producing mucus and utilizing cilia for particle removal in the respiratory tract.

2. Which of the following is not part of the digestive system?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Liver
• C. Stomach
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Pancreas.' While the pancreas contributes to digestion by secreting enzymes, it is not part of the main digestive tract. The esophagus, liver, and stomach are integral components of the digestive system. The esophagus helps in the transport of food to the stomach, the stomach aids in food breakdown, the liver produces bile for fat digestion, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer as it is not part of the primary digestive tract but supports digestion through enzyme secretion.

3. Which of the following substances is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Water
• C. Oxygen
• D. ATP

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Oxygen is not a product of cellular respiration; instead, it is consumed during the process. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product, water is a byproduct of the chemical reactions, and ATP is the energy currency used by cells. Therefore, options A, B, and D are all products or outcomes of cellular respiration, while oxygen is a reactant.

4. In which type of cell would you expect to find a high concentration of lysosomes?

• A. Cardiac cells
• B. Glandular cells
• C. Immune cells
• D. Neurons

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immune cells. Immune cells, such as macrophages, contain many lysosomes for breaking down pathogens. Lysosomes are organelles responsible for digestion and waste removal within the cell, and immune cells require a high concentration of lysosomes to aid in their defense mechanisms against pathogens. Choice A, Cardiac cells, is incorrect because lysosomes are not primarily abundant in cardiac cells. Choice B, Glandular cells, is incorrect as well since lysosomes are not specifically concentrated in glandular cells. Choice D, Neurons, is also incorrect because while lysosomes are present in neurons, they are not typically found in high concentrations compared to immune cells.

5. An element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 is most likely to be:

• A. Iron (Fe)
• B. Cobalt (Co)
• C. Nickel (Ni)
• D. Manganese (Mn)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 corresponds to Iron (Fe). Iron has 26 protons, which aligns with the given atomic number, and Fe-56 has 26 neutrons, which aligns with the given mass number. This confirms that Iron (Fe) is the correct answer. Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Manganese (Mn) have different atomic numbers and mass numbers, so they are not the correct choices in this scenario.

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