Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red blood cells. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are specialized cells designed to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body. These cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules in the lungs and releases them in other parts of the body where oxygen is needed for cellular respiration. White blood cells (choice B) are part of the immune system, responsible for fighting infections. Platelets (choice C) are involved in blood clotting. Plasma cells (choice D) are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to help the body fight off infections.

2. The arteries are part of which system?

• A. Nervous system
• B. Endocrine system
• C. Lymphatic system
• D. Cardiovascular system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They are a key component of the cardiovascular system, which is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body. The other options (A, B, and C) are incorrect because arteries are not part of the nervous system, endocrine system, or lymphatic system.

3. How does the circulatory system work with the digestive system?

• A. The circulatory system removes undigested solids from the body.
• B. The circulatory system filters and collects digested materials.
• C. The circulatory system moves absorbed nutrients through the body.
• D. The circulatory system releases enzymes that control digestion.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients through the body. After digestion occurs in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then carries these nutrients to cells throughout the body where they are used for energy, growth, and repair. This process ensures that the necessary nutrients are delivered to where they are needed in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system is not responsible for removing undigested solids, filtering and collecting digested materials, or releasing enzymes that control digestion. These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system.

4. The shoulder is _________ to the elbow.

• A. posterior
• B. proximal
• C. distal
• D. medial

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin. In this case, the shoulder is closer to the point of attachment to the body compared to the elbow, making it proximal to the elbow. 'Posterior' refers to the back side of the body, 'distal' means farther away from the point of attachment, and 'medial' refers to the middle of the body. These terms do not accurately describe the relationship between the shoulder and the elbow in this context.

5. What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To pump blood throughout the body
• C. To absorb oxygen
• D. To remove carbon dioxide

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To pump blood throughout the body.' The primary function of the heart in the circulatory system is to pump blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients, throughout the body. Choice A, 'To filter blood,' is incorrect as the heart does not filter blood; that is primarily done by the kidneys. Choice C, 'To absorb oxygen,' is incorrect as the lungs are responsible for oxygen absorption. Choice D, 'To remove carbon dioxide,' is incorrect as the lungs facilitate the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.

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