Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red blood cells. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are specialized cells designed to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body. These cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules in the lungs and releases them in other parts of the body where oxygen is needed for cellular respiration. White blood cells (choice B) are part of the immune system, responsible for fighting infections. Platelets (choice C) are involved in blood clotting. Plasma cells (choice D) are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to help the body fight off infections.

2. Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

• A. They absorb chemicals from the blood
• B. They secrete chemicals into the blood
• C. They filter chemicals from the blood
• D. They absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They secrete chemicals into the blood.' Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. This process helps in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating different physiological processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the blood; instead, they release hormones. Choice C is incorrect as endocrine glands do not filter chemicals from the blood; they secrete hormones. Choice D is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system; they release hormones into the bloodstream.

3. Which gland regulates the body's metabolic rate?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating the body's metabolic rate by producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in controlling the body's metabolism, affecting processes like growth, energy production, and temperature regulation. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' but primarily regulates other endocrine glands by releasing hormones that stimulate their function. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which are involved in the body's response to stress. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms, but is not directly involved in regulating metabolic rate.

4. How does the skeletal system work with the nervous system?

• A. The bones transmit signals about body position to the brain.
• B. Pain nerves within bones notify the brain of injuries.
• C. The vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord.
• D. Bone marrow generates and houses nerve cells.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The skeletal system collaborates with the nervous system by providing protection and support for critical nervous system components. The vertebrae of the spine play a crucial role in safeguarding the spinal cord, a key component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. Protecting the spinal cord is essential to prevent neurological complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while bones do play a role in body position and can sense pain, the primary focus of the skeletal system's interaction with the nervous system is to protect vital components like the spinal cord, rather than generating nerve cells.

5. Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?

• A. In the digestive system
• B. In the nervous system
• C. In the skeletal system
• D. In the muscular system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Schwann cells are a type of neuroglia found in the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for producing the myelin sheath around axons of neurons, which helps with the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, Schwann cells are typically found in the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Schwann cells are specifically associated with the nervous system and are not found in the digestive, skeletal, or muscular systems.

Similar Questions