Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Hypothalamus
• C. Thalamus
• D. Medulla oblongata

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain that regulates various essential functions to maintain homeostasis. It controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and plays a key role in the autonomic nervous system. The cerebellum is primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance, the thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information, and the medulla oblongata is responsible for vital functions like breathing and heart rate. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not govern the specific functions mentioned in the question.

2. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Boiling point elevation.' Boiling point elevation is a colligative property that describes the increase in the boiling point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added to it. This occurs because the presence of solute particles in the solvent lowers the vapor pressure of the solution, requiring a higher temperature to reach the same vapor pressure as the pure solvent. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Freezing point depression refers to the lowering of the freezing point of a solution, vapor pressure lowering is the reduction in vapor pressure due to the presence of solute particles, and osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane in osmosis.

3. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To digest food
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To exchange gases
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To exchange gases. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Digesting food is primarily the function of the digestive system, transporting nutrients is the role of the circulatory system, and regulating body temperature is primarily managed by the integumentary system and the nervous system, not the respiratory system.

4. What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms?

• A. Transfer bond
• B. Static bond
• C. Covalent bond
• D. Ionic bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Ionic bond.' An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms. In an ionic bond, one atom donates electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other, creating a strong bond. Choice A, 'Transfer bond,' is incorrect because there is no common term known as a 'Transfer bond' in chemistry. Choice B, 'Static bond,' is incorrect as it does not describe the process of electron transfer between atoms. Choice C, 'Covalent bond,' is incorrect because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms rather than transferred outright, making it different from an ionic bond.

5. Which of the following is an example of a fibrous protein?

• A. Insulin
• B. Keratin
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Collagen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Insulin is a hormone, not a fibrous protein. It is produced in the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels. B) Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in hair, nails, and the outer skin layer, providing strength and protection. C) Hemoglobin is a globular protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport; it is not fibrous. D) Collagen is a fibrous protein found in tendons, ligaments, and skin, offering strength and structure to connective tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is collagen, making it the main component of various connective tissues.

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