Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate, breathing, and swallowing?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the medulla oblongata. This part of the brain, located at the base of the brainstem, is primarily responsible for regulating essential functions like heart rate, breathing, and swallowing. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The cerebrum is associated with higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movements, the cerebellum controls coordination and balance, and the thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information. Therefore, the medulla oblongata specifically governs the autonomic functions critical for survival.

2. What are the three types of capillaries?

• A. Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
• B. Continuous, discontinuous, fenestrated
• C. Sinusoidal, alveolar, continuous
• D. Continuous, fenestrated, vascular

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal. Capillaries are classified into three types based on their permeability: continuous (least permeable), fenestrated (moderately permeable), and sinusoidal (most permeable). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the three main types of capillaries. Choice B includes 'discontinuous' which is not a recognized type. Choice C includes 'alveolar' which is not a type of capillary, and Choice D includes 'vascular' which is too broad and not specific to capillary classification.

3. Which human body system is correctly matched with its function?

• A. Respiratory system; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
• B. Circulatory system; transports oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
• C. Lymphatic system; produces antibodies that destroy virally affected or foreign cells.
• D. Endocrine system; regulates hormones controlling bodily functions and metabolism.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all the body's cells and tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the cells and transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the exchange of gases necessary for bodily functions. Choice B accurately matches the role of the circulatory system by describing its function of transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, which is essential for maintaining proper cellular activities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately match the body system with its function. The respiratory system primarily involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, not transportation to cells; the lymphatic system deals with immunity through the production of antibodies, not gas exchange; and the endocrine system's main function is hormone regulation, not the transport of gases.

4. Which of the following lobes in the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body?

• A. frontal lobe
• B. occipital lobe
• C. parietal lobe
• D. temporal lobe

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The parietal lobe is the correct answer because it is primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body, including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. This lobe plays a crucial role in spatial awareness, perception, and attention to sensory stimuli. It helps individuals make sense of the world around them and is essential for various sensory processes. The frontal lobe (choice A) is more associated with functions like reasoning, planning, and problem-solving. The occipital lobe (choice B) is responsible for processing visual information. The temporal lobe (choice D) is involved in functions like memory, auditory processing, and language comprehension, but it is not the primary lobe responsible for processing and integrating sensory information from the body.

5. If an atom has 32 neutrons, 17 protons, and 19 electrons, what is its charge?

• A. Positive
• B. Negative
• C. Neutral
• D. Cannot be determined

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An atom's charge is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. Since the atom has 17 protons and 19 electrons, the net charge is positive. The excess of two electrons compared to protons results in a positive charge. Choice B (Negative) is incorrect because the atom has more protons than electrons, leading to a positive charge. Choice C (Neutral) is incorrect because the atom has an imbalance between protons and electrons, resulting in a charge. Choice D (Cannot be determined) is incorrect as the charge can be determined based on the given information.

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