Nursing Elites

1. A collection of organs working together to perform a specific physiological function is known as a(n):

• A. Tissue
• B. Organ system
• C. Organelle
• D. Organ

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions in the body. Each organ within the system has a unique role, but they collaborate to achieve a common physiological function. This collaboration allows the body to carry out complex processes efficiently, demonstrating the interconnectedness and interdependence of different organs within the system. Choice A, 'Tissue,' refers to a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function, not a collection of organs. Choice C, 'Organelle,' is a subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is not a collection of organs. Choice D, 'Organ,' is a single structure composed of different tissues that performs a specific function, not a collection of organs working together.

2. What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body responsible for draining lymph from most of the body called?

• A. Jugular vein
• B. Thoracic duct
• C. Subclavian vein
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from most of the body. The jugular vein, subclavian vein, and aorta are not lymphatic vessels responsible for draining lymph. The jugular vein and subclavian vein are blood vessels, while the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart. Understanding the role and anatomy of the lymphatic system is crucial for comprehending the body's immune response and fluid balance.

3. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?

• A. Carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• B. Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle
• C. Pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• D. Regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Oxygenated blood is crucial for providing nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle cells, enabling the heart to work efficiently. Without this oxygenated blood supply, the heart muscle may not receive the required nutrients and oxygen, potentially resulting in heart damage or dysfunction. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as coronary arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle, pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation, or regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation. The coronary arteries specifically supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle to support its function and vitality.

4. Which of the following correctly matches a category of protein with a physiological example?

• A. Keratin is a structural protein
• B. Antigens are hormonal proteins
• C. Channel proteins are marker proteins
• D. Actin is a transport protein

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Keratin is indeed a type of structural protein found in the skin, hair, and nails of animals. It provides strength and protection, helping to maintain the overall structure of these tissues. The other choices are incorrect as antigens are not hormonal proteins but rather are involved in immune response, channel proteins are involved in facilitating the transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, and actin is primarily involved in cell structure and movement, not as a transport protein.

5. Two identical balls, one made of clay and the other made of steel, are dropped from the same height. Which ball reaches the ground first, neglecting air resistance?

• A. The clay ball due to its lower density
• B. The steel ball due to its higher density
• C. Both balls reach the ground simultaneously
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the balls

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the absence of air resistance, both balls will experience the same acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2) regardless of their densities or materials. This means that both balls will reach the ground at the same time, assuming they are dropped from the same height simultaneously. The differences in density or material composition do not affect the rate at which objects fall in a vacuum. Therefore, both the clay and steel balls, being identical in shape and starting position, will have the same free-fall acceleration and will hit the ground simultaneously. Choices A and B are incorrect because the density of the materials does not impact the time it takes for objects to fall under gravity alone. Choice D is incorrect as the initial velocities do not play a role in the time taken to fall in a vacuum, where only the acceleration due to gravity affects the motion.

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