Nursing Elites

1. Which organ stores and concentrates bile?

• A. Liver
• B. Gallbladder
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gallbladder. The gallbladder is the organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until it is released into the small intestine when needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the liver produces bile, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, and the stomach is primarily involved in the digestion of food through acid secretion and mechanical processes, not in storing bile.

2. Anya was paid by Company X to analyze dwindling honeybee populations in the Southwest. After measuring hive populations over several months, she noticed no patterns in the geographic distributions of the deaths after comparisons with local maps of interest. This supported her hypothesis, so she took samples of the honey and the bees from the hives and performed dozens of dissections to confirm her suspicions. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis upon which this research was performed?

• A. Honeybees are being killed off, and their hives are destroyed by other extremely aggressive species of bees from the South.
• B. Honeybees are contracting parasites in large droves.
• C. Honeybees are so sensitive to certain pesticides that they die on contact.
• D. Honeybees die in larger numbers around cell phone towers.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most likely hypothesis based on the information provided is that honeybees are contracting parasites in large droves. Anya observed no geographic patterns in hive deaths and proceeded to analyze honey and bees for further investigation. This suggests that she suspected a widespread issue affecting multiple hives simultaneously, consistent with a scenario where honeybees are being infected by parasites in high numbers, leading to dwindling populations across different locations. The other choices can be eliminated because there is no mention of aggressive species of bees from the South, no evidence pointing to pesticide sensitivity as the cause, and no indication of a correlation with cell phone towers in the information provided.

3. What is the name of a condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute (bpm)?

• A. Tachycardia
• B. Apnea
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Tachypnea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Tachycardia is a condition characterized by a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate, typically above 100 bpm. In this case, a heart rate of 118 bpm falls within the range of tachycardia. Apnea (choice B) refers to the temporary cessation of breathing, not related to heart rate. Bradycardia (choice C) is a condition of an abnormally slow heart rate, opposite of the given heart rate. Tachypnea (choice D) is an abnormally rapid breathing rate, not related to heart rate.

4. Blood type is a trait determined by multiple alleles, with IA coding for A blood, IB coding for B blood, and i coding for O blood being recessive. If an individual with A heterozygosity and an O individual have a child, what is the probability that the child will have A blood?

• A. 25%
• B. 50%
• C. 75%
• D. 100%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an A heterozygote individual (IAi) and an O individual (ii) have a child, there are four possible combinations of alleles that the child can inherit: IA from the A parent and i from the O parent; IA from the A parent and i from the O parent; i from the A parent and i from the O parent; i from the A parent and i from the O parent. Out of these combinations, 50% of the offspring will inherit the A allele from the A parent, resulting in A blood type. Therefore, the correct answer is 50%. Choice A is incorrect because the probability is not 25%. Choice C is incorrect as it overestimates the likelihood. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests a certainty which is not the case in genetics.

5. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The dendrites are the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body. They play a crucial role in gathering incoming signals and transmitting them to the cell body for processing. The axon, on the other hand, is responsible for carrying signals away from the cell body. The synapse is the point of connection between two neurons facilitating communication, while the myelin sheath is a protective layer surrounding the axon that aids in accelerating signal transmission.

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