Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following systems does not include a transportation network throughout the body?

• A. Cardiovascular system
• B. Endocrine system
• C. Immune system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The endocrine system does not include a transportation network throughout the body. While the cardiovascular system transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients, the immune system has lymphatic vessels for immune cell transportation, and the nervous system transmits signals via neurons. In contrast, the endocrine system coordinates bodily functions by releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then act on target organs or tissues. This delivery mechanism is different from the continuous transportation networks found in the other systems listed, making the endocrine system the correct choice for this question.

2. Which element is used in fluorescent lamps and emits ultraviolet light when excited?

• A. Mercury
• B. Neon
• C. Argon
• D. Krypton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mercury is the correct element used in fluorescent lamps to emit ultraviolet light when excited. When an electric current passes through the mercury vapor inside the lamp, it generates ultraviolet (UV) light. This UV light then excites the phosphors coated on the inner surface of the lamp, causing them to emit visible light. Neon, argon, and krypton are not commonly used in fluorescent lamps for this purpose. Neon is primarily used in neon signs, argon is used in incandescent and fluorescent bulbs for inertia gas, and krypton is mainly used in certain types of specialized light bulbs for its specific properties.

3. Water is considered a universal solvent due to its ____.

• A. Cohesion
• B. Adhesion
• C. Molarity
• D. Dilution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adhesion. Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many substances due to its ability to adhere to and interact with other molecules, making it an effective solvent. Cohesion refers to water molecules sticking together, molarity is a measure of concentration, and dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, none of which directly relate to water's role as a universal solvent.

4. Enzymes are ________ molecules that serve as _______ for certain biological reactions.

• A. Enzymes are irrelevant molecules that serve as suppressors for certain biological reactions.
• B. Enzymes are acidic molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions.
• C. Enzymes are lipid molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions.
• D. Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions. Enzymes are biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur. They are typically proteins that have specific shapes and active sites that allow them to interact with specific substrates and facilitate reactions without being consumed themselves. The other choices are incorrect because enzymes are not irrelevant, acidic, or lipid molecules; they are primarily proteins known for their catalytic properties.

5. Where does the nerve impulses send neurotransmitters across a synapse to a muscle cell to stimulate muscle contraction?

• A. sarcomere
• B. tendon
• C. myelin sheath
• D. neuromuscular junction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The neuromuscular junction is the specific area where nerve impulses trigger the release of neurotransmitters that cross the synaptic gap to bind to receptors on the muscle cell membrane. This binding initiates muscle contraction by stimulating the muscle cell. The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit in a muscle fiber, not the location where nerve impulses communicate with muscle cells. Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones and are not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. The myelin sheath is a protective covering around nerve fibers but is not directly involved in transmitting neurotransmitters to muscle cells for muscle contraction.

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