Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances is a common base found in household products?

• A. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Ammonia (NH₃)
• C. Vinegar
• D. Lemon juice

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Ammonia (NH₃). Ammonia is commonly found in household products and is used in cleaning agents due to its alkaline properties. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common salt and not a base. Vinegar is acetic acid, which is acidic in nature. Lemon juice contains citric acid, making it acidic as well. Therefore, ammonia is the only base among the choices provided.

2. What is the process in which RNA polymerase copies DNA into RNA, with DNA unwinding and serving as a template while RNA is assembled?

• A. Replication
• B. Transcription
• C. Translation
• D. Duplication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transcription. Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes RNA, following the base-pairing rules. During transcription, DNA unwinds and serves as a template for the assembly of complementary RNA molecules. Replication (Choice A) is the process of making an identical copy of DNA, not RNA from DNA. Translation (Choice C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. Duplication (Choice D) is a general term and does not specifically refer to the process described in the question.

3. What is the formula for calculating molarity?

• A. M = n/V
• B. M = n/L
• C. M = mol/L
• D. M = mol/dm³

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct formula for calculating molarity is M = n/V. In this formula, 'M' represents molarity, 'n' represents the number of moles of solute, and 'V' represents the volume of the solution in liters. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, hence the ratio of moles to volume. Choice B, 'M = n/L', is incorrect because 'L' should represent liters instead of the number of moles. Choice C, 'M = mol/L', is incorrect as it does not include the representation of the number of moles 'n'. Choice D, 'M = mol/dm³', is incorrect because 'dm³' is a volume unit equal to a liter, but the correct representation should be in terms of the volume of the solution in liters. Therefore, the correct answer is M = n/V.

4. The Morgan family lives at 5487 South Elm Street. On which day of the week will they be able to water their lawn?

• A. Tuesday
• B. Wednesday
• C. Thursday
• D. Saturday

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Based on the provided water schedule for addresses in the town of Audley, odd-numbered addresses ending in 7 and 3, like 5487 South Elm Street, are allowed to water their lawns on Thursdays. Therefore, the Morgan family will be able to water their lawn on Thursday. Choice A (Tuesday), Choice B (Wednesday), and Choice D (Saturday) are incorrect as they do not align with the watering schedule for odd-numbered addresses as per the town's guidelines.

5. A population refers to a group of organisms of the same:

• A. Species living in the same area
• B. Genus competing for resources
• C. Kingdom inhabiting a specific biome
• D. Phylum found throughout the world

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and interacting with one another. Option A correctly describes this definition by specifying that the organisms are of the same species and share a common geographical location. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define a population in biological terms. In this context, a population specifically refers to a group of organisms belonging to the same species, not higher taxonomic ranks like genus, kingdom, or phylum.

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