Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following structures acts like a funnel by delivering urine from the millions of collecting tubules to the ureters?

• A. The renal pelvis
• B. The renal cortex
• C. The renal medulla
• D. Bowman's capsule

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The renal pelvis. The renal pelvis serves as a reservoir for urine collected from the kidney's numerous collecting tubules, funneling it into the ureters for transport to the bladder. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney involved in filtration, while the renal medulla is the inner region responsible for concentrating urine. Bowman's capsule is part of the nephron and is involved in the initial filtration of blood in the kidney, not in funneling urine to the ureters.

2. Which of the following does not describe a general trait of macromolecules?

• A. They can exist as single chains.
• B. They can be branched.
• C. They all contain carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus.
• D. They are all used by the body.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. While many macromolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, not all of them do. For example, lipids, a type of macromolecule, may not contain phosphorus. Choice A and B describe structural features that macromolecules can exhibit, whether as single chains or branched forms. Choice D is incorrect as not all macromolecules are used by the body, such as synthetic polymers or certain non-digestible fibers.

3. Which of the following evidence from the passage supports the inference that providing nap rooms at work can improve employee productivity?

• A. In the recent company-wide audits, many employees have reported fatigue at work.
• B. According to a 2008 study, napping for 60 minutes helped improve verbal memory, motor skills, and perceptual learning better than caffeine.
• C. Many successful companies have adopted the practice of work naps, in industries like tech, manufacturing - even NASA!
• D. Starting today, we will be providing a designated nap room in each office building near the gym and cafeteria to help employees take care of their bodies and minds, so they can be happier, healthier, and more productive.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the evidence from the 2008 study mentioned in the passage supports the inference that napping for 60 minutes can improve verbal memory, motor skills, and perceptual learning better than caffeine. This indicates that providing nap rooms at work can lead to improved productivity by enhancing cognitive functions. Choice A talks about the fatigue reported by employees but does not directly link it to productivity improvement. Choice C mentions that many successful companies have adopted the practice of work naps but does not specifically tie it to productivity enhancement. Choice D states the intention to provide nap rooms for employees but does not provide direct evidence of productivity improvement.

4. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?

• A. Atrial diastole
• B. Ventricular systole
• C. Atrial systole
• D. Ventricular diastole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atrial systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. This occurs after the atria have been filled during atrial diastole. Ventricular systole refers to the phase when the ventricles contract to push blood out of the heart, not when the atria contract. Ventricular diastole is the phase when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, not when the atria contract. Therefore, the correct answer is atrial systole as it specifically describes the atrial contraction phase.

5. What is 0.5 liters to milliliters?

• A. 500 ml
• B. 50 ml
• C. 5 ml
• D. 0.5 ml

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The question asks for the conversion of 0.5 liters to milliliters. The correct answer is 500 ml, which is derived from the standard conversion factor where 1 liter is equal to 1000 milliliters. Choice B, 50 ml, is incorrect as it represents the conversion of 0.05 liters to milliliters. Choice C, 5 ml, is incorrect as it corresponds to the conversion of 0.005 liters to milliliters. Choice D, 0.5 ml, is incorrect as it is the same value given in the question but in milliliters.

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