Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

• A. They absorb chemicals from the blood
• B. They secrete chemicals into the blood
• C. They filter chemicals from the blood
• D. They absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They secrete chemicals into the blood.' Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. This process helps in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating different physiological processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the blood; instead, they release hormones. Choice C is incorrect as endocrine glands do not filter chemicals from the blood; they secrete hormones. Choice D is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system; they release hormones into the bloodstream.

2. Which mineral helps maintain fluid balance in the body?

• A. Potassium
• B. Cobalt
• C. Chromium
• D. Sulfur

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Potassium is the mineral that helps maintain fluid balance in the body. It plays a crucial role in regulating the amount of fluid inside and outside the body's cells, thereby helping to maintain proper hydration levels. Potassium works in conjunction with sodium to regulate fluid balance and is essential for proper muscle function, nerve transmission, and heart health. Cobalt, chromium, and sulfur do not play significant roles in maintaining fluid balance in the body, making them incorrect choices for this question.

3. Which type of joint is found in the knee?

• A. Ball and socket joint
• B. Hinge joint
• C. Pivot joint
• D. Saddle joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is a hinge joint. The knee is a hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension movements, enabling the leg to bend and straighten. This type of joint is designed for movement along one plane, similar to a door hinge. Choice A, ball and socket joint, is incorrect as this type of joint allows for a wider range of motion in multiple directions, unlike the knee joint. Choice C, pivot joint, and Choice D, saddle joint, are also incorrect as they do not accurately describe the type of joint found in the knee.

4. Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Semicircular canals
• C. Ossicles
• D. Eustachian tube

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The semicircular canals in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position and movement. These structures contain fluid and hair cells that send signals to the brain regarding the body's orientation in space, helping us stay balanced and navigate our surroundings. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, the ossicles are involved in sound transmission, and the Eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear, but they are not directly related to balance.

5. What role does the liver play in metabolism?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To detoxify harmful substances
• C. To store glucose
• D. To produce insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To detoxify harmful substances.' The liver is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances present in the blood as part of its role in metabolism. While the liver does produce bile to aid in digestion and stores glucose for energy regulation, its main function in metabolism is detoxification. The liver does not produce insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels.

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